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Kristen Jacobson

TitleAssociate Professor
InstitutionUniversity of Chicago
DepartmentPsychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience-Research
AddressChicago IL 60637
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    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview
    My research interests are in how environmental, social, genetic, and biological factors interact to influence individual differences in socioemotional and behavioral development in children and adolescents. My work is greatly influenced by the Bioecological Model developed by Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner, whom I was privileged to work with after college. This model has guided my research examining influences on youth socioemotional and problem behaviors at multiple levels of analysis, including neighborhood, school, peer, family, and individual psychosocial, biological, and genetic factors.

    I have experience examining biological and genetic factors underpinning youth affective processing, socio-emotional behaviors, and antisocial behavior. Through a combination of collaborative and independent studies I have begun to identify the underlying pathways through which social and environmental experiences “get under the skin” to affect behavior, which in turn can help us to better understand the nature of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in health and health-related behaviors. As a behavioral scientist, I aim to bridge the gap between biological and social sciences. My research program is unique in that it is highly interdisciplinary, spanning fields of developmental psychology and psychiatry, behavioral genetics, sociology, anthrozoology, neuroscience, and endocrinology.

    A behavioral geneticist by training, my work has recently moved away from genetics to focus on the impact of environmental and social factors on brain, biology, and behavior. I am currently conducting two research studies. A pilot study examines the impact of exposure to community violence on the neural underpinnings of emotional and cognitive processes using fMRI in a sample of 9-11 year old children. I am also conducting an experimental study of the effects of petting a therapy dog on prosocial behavior and cortisol response to stress in a large community sample of youth aged 8-12.

    I am deeply committed to research education and mentorship. I have supervised several postdoctoral trainees, masters students, and undergraduate students. In our department, I teach basic statistical literacy and lead methodological journal clubs for adult psychiatry residents and child psychiatry fellows. I also direct the research program for residents and fellows, and co-lead the scholarship program for our clinical faculty.


    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    Cornell UniversityA.B.1990Psychology & English
    Pennsylvania State UniversityM.S.1994Human Development & Family Studies
    Pennsylvania State UniversityPh.D.1999Human Development & Family Studies
    Virginia Commonwealth UniversityPostdoctoral Scholar2000Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics
    Collapse awards and honors
    1986 - 1990Cornell Tradition Fellow, Cornell University
    1990cum laude in psychology, Cornell University
    2001 - 2003BIRCWH Fellow, NIH K12 Award
    2003 - 2006Student Loan Repayment Program, NIH
    2007 - 2012NIH Director's New Innovator Award, NIH
    2017 - 2019Resident/Fellow Instructor of the Year, Psychiatry, University of Chicago
    2019 - presPresident, International Society for Anthrozoology

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    R01MH049492     (KENDLER, KENNETH SEEDMAN)Sep 30, 1992 - Jul 31, 2006
    NIH
    The Epidemiology of Mood, Anxiety and Alcohol Disorder
    Role: Co-Investigator (2001-2006)
    R01DA011287     (KENDLER, KENNETH SEEDMAN)Jun 15, 1998 - May 31, 2009
    NIH
    A Twin-Family Study of Drug Use, Abuse, and Dependence
    Role: Co-Investigator (2005-2008)
    R01MH058354     (BAKER, LAURA A)Jan 5, 2000 - Jun 30, 2014
    NIH
    Development of Externalizing Behavior Problems: Gene-Environment Interplay
    Role: Subcontract PI (2006-2011)
    R01AG018386     (KREMEN, WILLIAM S.)Jul 1, 2000 - Aug 31, 2014
    NIH
    The VETSA longitudinal twin study of cognition and aging
    Role: Co-Investigator (2008-2014)
    Young Investigator Award     (JACOBSON, KRISTEN C)Jul 1, 2002 - Nov 30, 2006
    NARSAD
    Understanding influences on comorbidity between antisocial behavior and major depressive disorder
    Role: Principal Investigator
    K01MH068484     (JACOBSON, KRISTEN C)Sep 15, 2003 - Aug 31, 2007
    NIH
    Genetics of Vulnerability to Antisocial Behavior
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AG022381     (KREMEN, WILLIAM S.)Sep 15, 2003 - Mar 31, 2020
    NIH
    The VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of Aging
    Role: Consultant
    R01AG022982     (KREMEN, WILLIAM S)Sep 30, 2004 - Jun 30, 2009
    NIH
    The VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cortisol and Aging
    Role: Subcontract PI (2006-2009)
    Seed Grant     (JACOBSON, KRISTEN C)Jun 1, 2007 - May 31, 2008
    Brain Research Foundation
    A pilot study of genetic and environmental influences on amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activation: A twin study of fMRI
    Role: Principal Investigator
    DP2OD003021     (JACOBSON, KRISTEN C)Sep 30, 2007 - Aug 31, 2012
    NIH
    From Neighborhoods to Neurons and Beyond
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01MH080109     (COCCARO, EMIL FRANK)Apr 16, 2008 - Mar 31, 2014
    NIH
    Understanding The Pathways To Aggression
    Role: Co-Investigator
    R03HD066598     (JACOBSON, KRISTEN)Jul 1, 2010 - Jun 30, 2013
    NIH
    They Call it Puppy Love: Epidemiology and Biology of the Child-Dog Bond
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R03HD070679     (JACOBSON, KRISTEN)Jan 1, 2012 - Dec 31, 2014
    NIH
    Long-term benefits of dog ownership: Effects on stress and social behavior
    Role: Principal Investigator
    #25871     (JACOBSON, KRISTEN C)Sep 15, 2017 - Sep 14, 2020
    NARSAD Independent Investigator Award
    Community violence exposure and neural systems underlying threat in children
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R21HD094956     (JACOBSON, KRISTEN C.)Jul 15, 2018 - Apr 30, 2020
    NIH
    A Pilot Study of the Effects of Interactions with Therapy Dogs on Child Stress Responsivity
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
    List All   |   Timeline
    1. Panizzon MS, Bree K, Hsieh TC, Hauger R, Xian H, Jacobson K, Lyons MJ, Franz CE. Genetic Variation in the Androgen Receptor Modifies the Association Between Testosterone and Vitality in Middle-Aged Men. J Sex Med. 2020 12; 17(12):2351-2361. PMID: 33011098.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Franz CE, Hatton SN, Hauger RL, Kredlow MA, Dale AM, Eyler L, McEvoy LK, Fennema-Notestine C, Hagler D, Jacobson KC, McKenzie RE, Panizzon MS, Gustavson DE, Xian H, Toomey R, Beck A, Stevens S, Tu X, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Posttraumatic stress symptom persistence across 24 years: association with brain structures. Brain Imaging Behav. 2020 Aug; 14(4):1208-1220. PMID: 30830577.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Gustavson DE, Elman JA, Panizzon MS, Franz CE, Zuber J, Sanderson-Cimino M, Reynolds CA, Jacobson KC, Xian H, Jak AJ, Toomey R, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Association of baseline semantic fluency and progression to mild cognitive impairment in middle-aged men. Neurology. 2020 08 25; 95(8):e973-e983. PMID: 32606222.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Xian H, Boutwell B, Reynolds CA, Lew D, Logue M, Gustavson DE, Kavish N, Panizzon MS, Tu X, Toomey R, Puckett OK, Elman JA, Jacobson KC, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS, Franz CE. Genetic Underpinnings of Increased BMI and Its Association With Late Midlife Cognitive Abilities. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2020 Jan-Dec; 6:2333721420925267. PMID: 32537479.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Dinizulu SM, Suarez LM, Simpson D, Abdul-Adil J, Jacobson KC. Psychometric properties of the Community Violence-Prevention Activation Measure (CV-PAM): Evaluating provider activation toward community violence prevention. J Community Psychol. 2020 03; 48(2):545-561. PMID: 31693221.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Franz CE, Xian H, Lew D, Hatton SN, Puckett O, Whitsel N, Beck A, Dale AM, Fang B, Fennema-Notestine C, Hauger RL, Jacobson KC, Lyons MJ, Reynolds CA, Kremen WS. Body mass trajectories and cortical thickness in middle-aged men: a 42-year longitudinal study starting in young adulthood. Neurobiol Aging. 2019 07; 79:11-21. PMID: 31026618.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Jacobson KC, Chang L. Associations Between Pet Ownership and Attitudes Toward Pets With Youth Socioemotional Outcomes. Front Psychol. 2018; 9:2304. PMID: 30534102.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Gustavson DE, Franz CE, Panizzon MS, Reynolds CA, Xian H, Jacobson KC, Toomey R, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Genetic and Environmental Associations Among Executive Functions, Trait Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms in Middle Age. Clin Psychol Sci. 2019 Jan; 7(1):127-142. PMID: 30923645.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Gustavson DE, Panizzon MS, Elman JA, Franz CE, Beck A, Reynolds CA, Jacobson KC, Xian H, Toomey R, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Verbal Fluency in Middle Age: A Longitudinal Twin Study. Behav Genet. 2018 09; 48(5):361-373. PMID: 29922985.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Elman JA, Jak AJ, Panizzon MS, Tu XM, Chen T, Reynolds CA, Gustavson DE, Franz CE, Hatton SN, Jacobson KC, Toomey R, McKenzie R, Xian H, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Underdiagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: A consequence of ignoring practice effects. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2018; 10:372-381. PMID: 30003138.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Xian H, Jacobson K, Lyons MJ, Franz CE, Kremen WS. Interactive effects of testosterone and cortisol on hippocampal volume and episodic memory in middle-aged men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018 05; 91:115-122. PMID: 29547742.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Gustavson DE, Panizzon MS, Elman JA, Franz CE, Reynolds CA, Jacobson KC, Friedman NP, Xian H, Toomey R, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Stability of genetic and environmental influences on executive functions in midlife. Psychol Aging. 2018 03; 33(2):219-231. PMID: 29658745.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Llesuy JR, Medina M, Jacobson KC, Cooper JJ. Catatonia Under-Diagnosis in the General Hospital. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018; 30(2):145-151. PMID: 29325478.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Beck A, Franz CE, Xian H, Vuoksimaa E, Tu X, Reynolds CA, Panizzon MS, McKenzie RM, Lyons MJ, Toomey R, Jacobson KC, Hauger RL, Hatton SN, Kremen WS. Mediators of the Effect of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Late Midlife Cognitive Abilities: A Four Decade Longitudinal Study. Innov Aging. 2018 Jan 01; 2(1). PMID: 30465026.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Coccaro EF, Cremers H, Fanning J, Nosal E, Lee R, Keedy S, Jacobson KC. Reduced frontal grey matter, life history of aggression, and underlying genetic influence. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2018 01 30; 271:126-134. PMID: 29174436.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Muldoon AL, Kuhns LM, Supple J, Jacobson KC, Garofalo R. A Web-Based Study of Dog Ownership and Depression Among People Living With HIV. JMIR Ment Health. 2017 Nov 08; 4(4):e53. PMID: 29117933.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Gustavson DE, Panizzon MS, Franz CE, Friedman NP, Reynolds CA, Jacobson KC, Xian H, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Genetic and environmental architecture of executive functions in midlife. Neuropsychology. 2018 01; 32(1):18-30. PMID: 28857599.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Rana BK, Panizzon MS, Franz CE, Spoon KM, Jacobson KC, Xian H, Ancoli-Israel S, Lyons M, Kremen WS. Association of Sleep Quality on Memory-Related Executive Functions in Middle Age. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2018 01; 24(1):67-76. PMID: 28760172.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Xian H, Vasilopoulos T, Liu W, Hauger RL, Jacobson KC, Lyons MJ, Panizzon M, Reynolds CA, Vuoksimaa E, Kremen WS, Franz CE. Steeper change in body mass across four decades predicts poorer cardiometabolic outcomes at midlife. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 04; 25(4):773-780. PMID: 28349665.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Lyons MJ, Panizzon MS, Liu W, McKenzie R, Bluestone NJ, Grant MD, Franz CE, Vuoksimaa EP, Toomey R, Jacobson KC, Reynolds CA, Kremen WS, Xian H. A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades. Dev Psychol. 2017 06; 53(6):1170-1177. PMID: 28358535.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Lyons, M, Liu, W, McKenzie, R, Panizzon, M, Bluestone, N, Grant, M, Franz, C, Vuoksimaa, E, Toomey, R, Jacobson, K, Kremen, W, & Xian, H. Genetic and environmental influences on stability, change, and heterogeneity in general cognitive ability over four decades of adulthood. Developmental Psychology. 2017; (53):1170-1177.
    22. Llesuy JR, Coffey MJ, Jacobson KC, Cooper JJ. Suspected Delirium Predicts the Thoroughness of Catatonia Evaluation. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017; 29(2):148-154. PMID: 27899050.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Coccaro EF, Zagaja C, Chen P, Jacobson K. Relationships between perceived emotional intelligence, aggression, and impulsivity in a population-based adult sample. Psychiatry Res. 2016 Dec 30; 246:255-260. PMID: 27728868.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Chen, P, Voisin, DR, & Jacobson, KC. Community violence exposure and adolescent delinquency: Examining a spectrum of promotive factors. Youth & Society. 2016; (48):33-57.
    25. Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Sailors M, Lyons MJ, Jacobson KC, Murray McKenzie R, Rana B, Vasilopoulos T, Vuoksimaa E, Xian H, Kremen WS, Franz CE. A new look at the genetic and environmental coherence of metabolic syndrome components. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Dec; 23(12):2499-507. PMID: 26524476.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Panizzon MS, Neale MC, Docherty AR, Franz CE, Jacobson KC, Toomey R, Xian H, Vasilopoulos T, Rana BK, McKenzie R, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Genetic and environmental architecture of changes in episodic memory from middle to late middle age. Psychol Aging. 2015 Jun; 30(2):286-300. PMID: 25938244.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Voisin, DR, Chen, P, Fullilove, R, & Jacobson, KC. Community violence exposure and sexual behaviors in a nationally representative sample of young adults: The effects of race/ethnicity and gender. Journal of Social Service Research. 2015; (41):295-306.
    28. Vasilopoulos T, Kremen WS, Grant MD, Panizzon MS, Xian H, Toomey R, Lyons MJ, Jacobson KC, Franz CE. Individual differences in cognitive ability at age 20 predict pulmonary function 35 years later. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015 Mar; 69(3):261-5. PMID: 25273357.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Jak AJ, Panizzon MS, Spoon KM, Fennema-Notestine C, Franz CE, Thompson WK, Jacobson KC, Xian H, Eyler LT, Vuoksimaa E, Toomey R, Lyons MJ, Neale MC, Tsuang MT, Dale AM, Kremen WS. Hippocampal atrophy varies by neuropsychologically defined MCI among men in their 50s. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015 May; 23(5):456-65. PMID: 25306196.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Kremen WS, Panizzon MS, Franz CE, Spoon KM, Vuoksimaa E, Jacobson KC, Vasilopoulos T, Xian H, McCaffery JM, Rana BK, Toomey R, McKenzie R, Lyons MJ. Genetic complexity of episodic memory: a twin approach to studies of aging. Psychol Aging. 2014 Jun; 29(2):404-17. PMID: 24956007.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Kremen WS, Jak AJ, Panizzon MS, Spoon KM, Franz CE, Thompson WK, Jacobson KC, Vasilopoulos T, Vuoksimaa E, Xian H, Toomey R, Lyons MJ. Authors' response to: commentary by Johnson et al. Int J Epidemiol. 2014 Apr; 43(2):612-3. PMID: 24760875.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Franz CE, Lyons MJ, Spoon KM, Hauger RL, Jacobson KC, Lohr JB, McKenzie R, Panizzon MS, Thompson WK, Tsuang MT, Vasilopoulos T, Vuoksimaa E, Xian H, Kremen WS. Post-traumatic stress symptoms and adult attachment: a 24-year longitudinal study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec; 22(12):1603-12. PMID: 24636844.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Rana BK, Dhamija A, Panizzon MS, Spoon KM, Vasilopoulos T, Franz CE, Grant MD, Jacobson KC, Kim K, Lyons MJ, McCaffery JM, Stein PK, Xian H, O'Connor DT, Kremen WS. Imputing observed blood pressure for antihypertensive treatment: impact on population and genetic analyses. Am J Hypertens. 2014 Jun; 27(6):828-37. PMID: 24532572.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Panizzon MS, Vuoksimaa E, Spoon KM, Jacobson KC, Lyons MJ, Franz CE, Xian H, Vasilopoulos T, Kremen WS. Genetic and Environmental Influences of General Cognitive Ability: Is g a valid latent construct? Intelligence. 2014; 43:65-76. PMID: 24791031.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Panizzon MS, Hauger R, Xian H, Vuoksimaa E, Spoon KM, Mendoza SP, Jacobson KC, Vasilopoulos T, Rana BK, McKenzie R, McCaffery JM, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS, Franz CE. Interaction of APOE genotype and testosterone on episodic memory in middle-aged men. Neurobiol Aging. 2014 Jul; 35(7):1778.e1-8. PMID: 24444806.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Kremen WS, Jak AJ, Panizzon MS, Spoon KM, Franz CE, Thompson WK, Jacobson KC, Vasilopoulos T, Vuoksimaa E, Xian H, Toomey R, Lyons MJ. Early identification and heritability of mild cognitive impairment. Int J Epidemiol. 2014 Apr; 43(2):600-10. PMID: 24370560.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Chen P, Jacobson KC. Impulsivity moderates promotive environmental influences on adolescent delinquency: a comparison across family, school, and neighborhood contexts. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013 Oct; 41(7):1133-43. PMID: 23673971.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Chen P, Jacobson KC. Longitudinal relationships between college education and patterns of heavy drinking: a comparison between Caucasians and African-Americans. J Adolesc Health. 2013 Sep; 53(3):356-62. PMID: 23707401.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Franz CE, Spoon K, Thompson W, Hauger RL, Hellhammer DH, Jacobson KC, Lupien S, Lyons MJ, McCaffery J, McKenzie R, Mendoza SP, Panizzon MS, Ramundo A, Shahroudi A, Kremen WS. Adult cognitive ability and socioeconomic status as mediators of the effects of childhood disadvantage on salivary cortisol in aging adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Oct; 38(10):2127-39. PMID: 23684478.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Panizzon MS, Hauger R, Jacobson KC, Eaves LJ, York TP, Prom-Wormley E, Grant MD, Lyons MJ, McKenzie R, Mendoza SP, Xian H, Franz CE, Kremen WS. Genetic and environmental influences of daily and intra-individual variation in testosterone levels in middle-aged men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Oct; 38(10):2163-72. PMID: 23639251.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Genderson MR, Rana BK, Panizzon MS, Grant MD, Toomey R, Jacobson KC, Xian H, Cronin-Golomb A, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ. Genetic and environmental influences on sleep quality in middle-aged men: a twin study. J Sleep Res. 2013 Oct; 22(5):519-26. PMID: 23509903.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Vasilopoulos T, Grant MD, Franz CE, Panizzon MS, Xian H, Toomey R, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS, Jacobson KC. Shared and distinct genetic influences among different measures of pulmonary function. Behav Genet. 2013 Mar; 43(2):141-50. PMID: 23299959.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Hoffman CL, Chen P, Serpell JA, Jacobson KC. Do Dog Behavioral Characteristics Predict the Quality of the Relationship between Dogs and Their Owners? Hum Anim Interact Bull. 2013; 1(1):20-37. PMID: 25685855.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Jacobson KC, Hoffman CL, Vasilopoulos T, Kremen WS, Panizzon MS, Grant MD, Lyons MJ, Xian H, Franz CE. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Frequency of Play with Pets among Middle-Aged Men: A Behavioral Genetic Analysis. Anthrozoos. 2012 Dec; 25(4):441-456. PMID: 25580056.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Franz CE, Panizzon MS, Eaves LJ, Thompson W, Lyons MJ, Jacobson KC, Tsuang M, Glatt SJ, Kremen WS. Genetic and environmental multidimensionality of well- and ill-being in middle aged twin men. Behav Genet. 2012 Jul; 42(4):579-91. PMID: 22484556.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Chen P, Coccaro EF, Jacobson KC. Hostile attributional bias, negative emotional responding, and aggression in adults: moderating effects of gender and impulsivity. Aggress Behav. 2012 Jan-Feb; 38(1):47-63. PMID: 24833604.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Vasilopoulos T, Franz CE, Panizzon MS, Xian H, Grant MD, Lyons MJ, Toomey R, Jacobson KC, Kremen WS. Genetic architecture of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test: evidence for distinct genetic influences on executive function. Neuropsychology. 2012 Mar; 26(2):238-50. PMID: 22201299.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Chen P, Coccaro EF, Lee R, Jacobson KC. Moderating effects of childhood maltreatment on associations between social information processing and adult aggression. Psychol Med. 2012 Jun; 42(6):1293-304. PMID: 22008562.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Eaves LJ, Chen CH, Dale AM, Eyler LT, Fischl B, Fennema-Notestine C, Franz CE, Grant MD, Jacobson KC, Jak AJ, Lyons MJ, Mendoza SP, Neale MC, Prom-Wormley E, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Xian H, Kremen WS. Genetic influences on hippocampal volume differ as a function of testosterone level in middle-aged men. Neuroimage. 2012 Jan 16; 59(2):1123-31. PMID: 21983185.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Yeh MT, Chen P, Raine A, Baker LA, Jacobson KC. Child psychopathic traits moderate relationships between parental affect and child aggression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Oct; 50(10):1054-64. PMID: 21961779.
      View in: PubMed
    51. Chen P, Jacobson KC. Developmental trajectories of substance use from early adolescence to young adulthood: gender and racial/ethnic differences. J Adolesc Health. 2012 Feb; 50(2):154-63. PMID: 22265111.
      View in: PubMed
    52. Panizzon MS, Lyons MJ, Jacobson KC, Franz CE, Grant MD, Eisen SA, Xian H, Kremen WS. Genetic architecture of learning and delayed recall: a twin study of episodic memory. Neuropsychology. 2011 Jul; 25(4):488-98. PMID: 21463045.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Vasilopoulos T, Kremen WS, Kim K, Panizzon MS, Stein PK, Xian H, Grant MD, Lyons MJ, Toomey R, Eaves LJ, Franz CE, Jacobson KC. Untreated hypertension decreases heritability of cognition in late middle age. Behav Genet. 2012 Jan; 42(1):107-20. PMID: 21688193.
      View in: PubMed
    54. McCaffery JM, Franz CE, Jacobson K, Leahey TM, Xian H, Wing RR, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Effects of social contact and zygosity on 21-y weight change in male twins. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Aug; 94(2):404-9. PMID: 21677056.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Doane LD, Franz CE, Prom-Wormley E, Eaves LJ, Mendoza SP, Hellhammer DH, Lupien S, Xian H, Lyons MJ, Kremen W, Jacobson KC. Negative emotionality, depressive symptoms and cortisol diurnal rhythms: analysis of a community sample of middle-aged males. Horm Behav. 2011 Jul; 60(2):202-9. PMID: 21619882.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Prom-Wormley EC, York TP, Jacobson KC, Eaves LJ, Mendoza SP, Hellhammer D, Maninger N, Levine S, Lupien S, Lyons MJ, Hauger R, Xian H, Franz CE, Kremen WS. Genetic and environmental effects on diurnal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in middle-aged men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 Nov; 36(10):1441-52. PMID: 21570195.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Bookman EB, McAllister K, Gillanders E, Wanke K, Balshaw D, Rutter J, Reedy J, Shaughnessy D, Agurs-Collins T, Paltoo D, Atienza A, Bierut L, Kraft P, Fallin MD, Perera F, Turkheimer E, Boardman J, Marazita ML, Rappaport SM, Boerwinkle E, Suomi SJ, Caporaso NE, Hertz-Picciotto I, Jacobson KC, Lowe WL, Goldman LR, Duggal P, Gunnar MR, Manolio TA, Green ED, Olster DH, Birnbaum LS. Gene-environment interplay in common complex diseases: forging an integrative model—recommendations from an NIH workshop. Genet Epidemiol. 2011 May; 35(4):217-25. PMID: 21308768.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Scherrer JF, Xian H, Lustman PJ, Franz CE, McCaffery J, Lyons MJ, Jacobson KC, Kremen WS. A test for common genetic and environmental vulnerability to depression and diabetes. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2011 Apr; 14(2):169-72. PMID: 21425899.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Franz CE, O'Brien RC, Hauger RL, Mendoza SP, Panizzon MS, Prom-Wormley E, Eaves LJ, Jacobson K, Lyons MJ, Lupien S, Hellhammer D, Xian H, Kremen WS. Cross-sectional and 35-year longitudinal assessment of salivary cortisol and cognitive functioning: the Vietnam Era twin study of aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 Aug; 36(7):1040-52. PMID: 21295410.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Franz CE, York TP, Eaves LJ, Prom-Wormley E, Jacobson KC, Lyons MJ, Grant MD, Xian H, Panizzon MS, Jimenez E, Kremen WS. Adult romantic attachment, negative emotionality, and depressive symptoms in middle aged men: a multivariate genetic analysis. Behav Genet. 2011 Jul; 41(4):488-98. PMID: 21213033.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Yeh, MT, Chen, P, Raine, A, Baker, LA, & Jacobson, KC. Child psychopathic traits moderate relationships between parental affect and child aggression. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011; (50):1054-1064.
    62. Jerskey BA, Panizzon MS, Jacobson KC, Neale MC, Grant MD, Schultz M, Eisen SA, Tsuang MT, Lyons MJ. Marriage and Divorce: A genetic perspective. Pers Individ Dif. 2010 Oct 01; 49(5):473-478. PMID: 20729979.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Panizzon MS, Hauger R, Dale AM, Eaves LJ, Eyler LT, Fischl B, Fennema-Notestine C, Franz CE, Grant MD, Jak AJ, Jacobson KC, Lyons MJ, Mendoza SP, Neale MC, Prom-Wormley EC, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Xian H, Kremen WS. Testosterone modifies the effect of APOE genotype on hippocampal volume in middle-aged men. Neurology. 2010 Sep 07; 75(10):874-80. PMID: 20819998.
      View in: PubMed
    64. Yeh MT, Coccaro EF, Jacobson KC. Multivariate behavior genetic analyses of aggressive behavior subtypes. Behav Genet. 2010 Sep; 40(5):603-17. PMID: 20432061.
      View in: PubMed
    65. Grant MD, Kremen WS, Jacobson KC, Franz C, Xian H, Eisen SA, Toomey R, Murray RE, Lyons MJ. Does parental education have a moderating effect on the genetic and environmental influences of general cognitive ability in early adulthood? Behav Genet. 2010 Jul; 40(4):438-46. PMID: 20300818.
      View in: PubMed
    66. Franz CE, York TP, Eaves LJ, Mendoza SP, Hauger RL, Hellhammer DH, Jacobson KC, Levine S, Lupien SJ, Lyons MJ, Prom-Wormley E, Xian H, Kremen WS. Genetic and environmental influences on cortisol regulation across days and contexts in middle-aged men. Behav Genet. 2010 Jul; 40(4):467-79. PMID: 20238238.
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    67. Kremen WS, Jacobson KC. Introduction to the special issue, pathways between genes, brain, and behavior. Behav Genet. 2010 Mar; 40(2):111-3. PMID: 20155393.
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    68. Doane LD, Kremen WS, Eaves LJ, Eisen SA, Hauger R, Hellhammer D, Levine S, Lupien S, Lyons MJ, Mendoza S, Prom-Wormley E, Xian H, York TP, Franz CE, Jacobson KC. Associations between jet lag and cortisol diurnal rhythms after domestic travel. Health Psychol. 2010 Mar; 29(2):117-23. PMID: 20230083.
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    69. Xian H, Scherrer JF, Franz CE, McCaffery J, Stein PK, Lyons MJ, Jacobsen K, Eisen SA, Kremen WS. Genetic vulnerability and phenotypic expression of depression and risk for ischemic heart disease in the Vietnam era twin study of aging. Psychosom Med. 2010 May; 72(4):370-5. PMID: 20190130.
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    70. Tuvblad C, Isen J, Baker LA, Raine A, Lozano DI, Jacobson KC. The genetic and environmental etiology of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in children. Behav Genet. 2010 Jul; 40(4):452-66. PMID: 20162348.
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    71. Kremen WS, O'Brien RC, Panizzon MS, Prom-Wormley E, Eaves LJ, Eisen SA, Eyler LT, Hauger RL, Fennema-Notestine C, Fischl B, Grant MD, Hellhammer DH, Jak AJ, Jacobson KC, Jernigan TL, Lupien SJ, Lyons MJ, Mendoza SP, Neale MC, Seidman LJ, Thermenos HW, Tsuang MT, Dale AM, Franz CE. Salivary cortisol and prefrontal cortical thickness in middle-aged men: A twin study. Neuroimage. 2010 Nov 15; 53(3):1093-102. PMID: 20156572.
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    72. Fogelson DL, Asarnow RA, Sugar CA, Subotnik KL, Jacobson KC, Neale MC, Kendler KS, Kuppinger H, Nuechterlein KH. Avoidant personality disorder symptoms in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients predict performance on neurocognitive measures: the UCLA family study. Schizophr Res. 2010 Jul; 120(1-3):113-20. PMID: 20053537.
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    73. Lyons MJ, York TP, Franz CE, Grant MD, Eaves LJ, Jacobson KC, Schaie KW, Panizzon MS, Boake C, Xian H, Toomey R, Eisen SA, Kremen WS. Genes determine stability and the environment determines change in cognitive ability during 35 years of adulthood. Psychol Sci. 2009 Sep; 20(9):1146-52. PMID: 19686293.
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    74. Panizzon MS, Fennema-Notestine C, Eyler LT, Jernigan TL, Prom-Wormley E, Neale M, Jacobson K, Lyons MJ, Grant MD, Franz CE, Xian H, Tsuang M, Fischl B, Seidman L, Dale A, Kremen WS. Distinct genetic influences on cortical surface area and cortical thickness. Cereb Cortex. 2009 Nov; 19(11):2728-35. PMID: 19299253.
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    75. Gillespie NA, Neale MC, Jacobson K, Kendler KS. Modeling the genetic and environmental association between peer group deviance and cannabis use in male twins. Addiction. 2009 Mar; 104(3):420-9. PMID: 19207350.
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    76. Kremen WS, Jacobson KC, Panizzon MS, Xian H, Eaves LJ, Eisen SA, Tsuang MT, Lyons MJ. Factor structure of planning and problem-solving: a behavioral genetic analysis of the Tower of London task in middle-aged twins. Behav Genet. 2009 Mar; 39(2):133-44. PMID: 19085096.
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    77. Baker LA, Raine A, Liu J, Jacobson KC. Differential genetic and environmental influences on reactive and proactive aggression in children. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008 Nov; 36(8):1265-78. PMID: 18615267.
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    78. Jacobson KC, Beseler CL, Lasky-Su J, Faraone SV, Glatt SJ, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Tsuang MT. Ordered subsets linkage analysis of antisocial behavior in substance use disorder among participants in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. . 2008 Oct 05; 147B(7):1258-69. PMID: 18496835.
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    79. Kremen WS, Xian H, Jacobson KC, Eaves LJ, Franz CE, Panizzon MS, Eisen SA, Crider A, Lyons MJ. Storage and executive components of working memory: integrating cognitive psychology and behavior genetics in the study of aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008 Mar; 63(2):P84-91. PMID: 18441269.
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    80. Torgersen S, Czajkowski N, Jacobson K, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Røysamb E, Neale MC, Kendler KS. Dimensional representations of DSM-IV cluster B personality disorders in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins: a multivariate study. Psychol Med. 2008 Nov; 38(11):1617-25. PMID: 18275631.
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    81. Czajkowski N, Kendler KS, Jacobson KC, Tambs K, Røysamb E, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Passive-aggressive (negativistic) personality disorder: a population-based twin study. J Pers Disord. 2008 Feb; 22(1):109-22. PMID: 18312126.
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    82. Schultz MR, Lyons MJ, Franz CE, Grant MD, Boake C, Jacobson KC, Xian H, Schellenberg GD, Eisen SA, Kremen WS. Apolipoprotein E genotype and memory in the sixth decade of life. Neurology. 2008 May 06; 70(19 Pt 2):1771-7. PMID: 18235080.
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    83. Wingfield A, Panizzon M, Grant MD, Toomey R, Kremen WS, Franz CE, Jacobson KC, Eisen SA, Lyons M. A twin-study of genetic contributions to hearing acuity in late middle age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007 Nov; 62(11):1294-9. PMID: 18000151.
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    84. Kendler KS, Jacobson K, Myers JM, Eaves LJ. A genetically informative developmental study of the relationship between conduct disorder and peer deviance in males. Psychol Med. 2008 Jul; 38(7):1001-11. PMID: 17935643.
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    85. Kremen WS, Jacobsen KC, Xian H, Eisen SA, Eaves LJ, Tsuang MT, Lyons MJ. Genetics of verbal working memory processes: a twin study of middle-aged men. Neuropsychology. 2007 Sep; 21(5):569-80. PMID: 17784805.
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    86. Kendler KS, Jacobson KC, Gardner CO, Gillespie N, Aggen SA, Prescott CA. Creating a social world: a developmental twin study of peer-group deviance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Aug; 64(8):958-65. PMID: 17679640.
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    87. Franz CE, Grant MD, Jacobson KC, Kremen WS, Eisen SA, Xian H, Romeis J, Thompson-Brenner H, Lyons MJ. Genetics of body mass stability and risk for chronic disease: a 28-year longitudinal study. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2007 Aug; 10(4):537-45. PMID: 17708694.
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    88. Cronin-Golomb A, Panizzon MS, Lyons MJ, Franz CE, Grant MD, Jacobson KC, Eisen SA, Laudate TM, Kremen WS. Genetic influence on contrast sensitivity in middle-aged male twins. Vision Res. 2007 Jul; 47(16):2179-86. PMID: 17604073.
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    89. Baker LA, Jacobson KC, Raine A, Lozano DI, Bezdjian S. Genetic and environmental bases of childhood antisocial behavior: a multi-informant twin study. J Abnorm Psychol. 2007 May; 116(2):219-35. PMID: 17516756.
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    90. Gillespie NA, Kendler KS, Prescott CA, Aggen SH, Gardner CO, Jacobson K, Neale MC. Longitudinal modeling of genetic and environmental influences on self-reported availability of psychoactive substances: alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine and stimulants. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul; 37(7):947-59. PMID: 17445283.
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    91. Fogelson DL, Nuechterlein KH, Asarnow RA, Payne DL, Subotnik KL, Jacobson KC, Neale MC, Kendler KS. Avoidant personality disorder is a separable schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder even when controlling for the presence of paranoid and schizotypal personality disorders The UCLA family study. Schizophr Res. 2007 Mar; 91(1-3):192-9. PMID: 17306508.
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    92. Coccaro EF, Jacobson KC. PennTwins: a population-based cohort for twin studies. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006 Dec; 9(6):998-1005. PMID: 17254443.
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    93. Kremen WS, Thompson-Brenner H, Leung YM, Grant MD, Franz CE, Eisen SA, Jacobson KC, Boake C, Lyons MJ. Genes, environment, and time: the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006 Dec; 9(6):1009-22. PMID: 17254445.
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    94. Neale MC, Røysamb E, Jacobson K. Multivariate genetic analysis of sex limitation and G x E interaction. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006 Aug; 9(4):481-9. PMID: 16899154.
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    95. Beseler C, Jacobson KC, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Gillespie NA, Tsuang MT. Is there heterogeneity among syndromes of substance use disorder for illicit drugs? Addict Behav. 2006 Jun; 31(6):929-47. PMID: 16697532.
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    96. Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Boake C, Xian H, Jacobson KC, Waterman B, Eisen SA, Goldberg J, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. A discordant twin study of premorbid cognitive ability in schizophrenia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006 Feb; 28(2):208-24. PMID: 16484094.
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    97. Kendler KS, Gardner C, Jacobson KC, Neale MC, Prescott CA. Genetic and environmental influences on illicit drug use and tobacco use across birth cohorts. Psychol Med. 2005 Sep; 35(9):1349-56. PMID: 16168157.
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    98. Kremen WS, Jacobson KC, Xian H, Eisen SA, Waterman B, Toomey R, Neale MC, Tsuang MT, Lyons MJ. Heritability of word recognition in middle-aged men varies as a function of parental education. Behav Genet. 2005 Jul; 35(4):417-33. PMID: 15971023.
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    99. Agrawal A, Neale MC, Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Illicit drug use and abuse/dependence: modeling of two-stage variables using the CCC approach. Addict Behav. 2005 Jun; 30(5):1043-8. PMID: 15893102.
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    100. Khan AA, Jacobson KC, Gardner CO, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Personality and comorbidity of common psychiatric disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2005 Mar; 186:190-6. PMID: 15738498.
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    101. Kendler KS, Aggen SH, Prescott CA, Jacobson KC, Neale MC. Level of family dysfunction and genetic influences on smoking in women. Psychol Med. 2004 Oct; 34(7):1263-9. PMID: 15697052.
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    102. Crider A, Kremen WS, Xian H, Jacobson KC, Waterman B, Eisen SA, Tsuang MT, Lyons MJ. Stability, consistency, and heritability of electrodermal response lability in middle-aged male twins. Psychophysiology. 2004 Jul; 41(4):501-9. PMID: 15189473.
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    103. Agrawal A, Jacobson KC, Gardner CO, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. A population based twin study of sex differences in depressive symptoms. Twin Res. 2004 Apr; 7(2):176-81. PMID: 15169602.
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    104. Agrawal A, Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. A twin study of personality and illicit drug use and abuse/dependence. Twin Res. 2004 Feb; 7(1):72-81. PMID: 15053856.
      View in: PubMed
    105. Bolinskey PK, Neale MC, Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Sources of individual differences in stressful life event exposure in male and female twins. Twin Res. 2004 Feb; 7(1):33-8. PMID: 15053852.
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    106. Kendler KS, Aggen SH, Jacobson KC, Neale MC. Does the level of family dysfunction moderate the impact of genetic factors on the personality trait of neuroticism? Psychol Med. 2003 Jul; 33(5):817-25. PMID: 12877396.
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    107. Kendler KS, Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Neale MC. Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for use and abuse/dependence of cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates in male twins. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Apr; 160(4):687-95. PMID: 12668357.
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    108. Agrawal A, Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. A twin study of sex differences in social support. Psychol Med. 2002 Oct; 32(7):1155-64. PMID: 12420885.
      View in: PubMed
    109. Kendler KS, Prescott CA, Jacobson K, Myers J, Neale MC. The joint analysis of personal interview and family history diagnoses: evidence for validity of diagnosis and increased heritability estimates. Psychol Med. 2002 Jul; 32(5):829-42. PMID: 12171377.
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    110. Nuechterlein KH, Asarnow RF, Subotnik KL, Fogelson DL, Payne DL, Kendler KS, Neale MC, Jacobson KC, Mintz J. The structure of schizotypy: relationships between neurocognitive and personality disorder features in relatives of schizophrenic patients in the UCLA Family Study. Schizophr Res. 2002 Mar 01; 54(1-2):121-30. PMID: 11853986.
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    111. Kendler KS, Jacobson KC, Myers J, Prescott CA. Sex differences in genetic and environmental risk factors for irrational fears and phobias. Psychol Med. 2002 Feb; 32(2):209-17. PMID: 11866316.
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    112. Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on the development of antisocial behavior. Dev Psychopathol. 2002; 14(2):395-416. PMID: 12030698.
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    113. Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Genetic and environmental influences on juvenile antisocial behaviour assessed on two occasions. Psychol Med. 2000 Nov; 30(6):1315-25. PMID: 11097072.
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    114. Jacobson KC, Neale CA, Prescott MC, Kendler KS. Cohort differences in genetic and environmental influences on retrospective reports of conduct disorder among adult male twins. Psychol Med. 2000 Jul; 30(4):775-87. PMID: 11037085.
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    115. Jacobson, KC, & Crockett, LJ . Parental monitoring and adolescent adjustment: An ecological perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 2000; (10):65-97.
    116. Rowe DC, Jacobson KC, Van den Oord EJ. Genetic and environmental influences on vocabulary IQ: parental education level as moderator. Child Dev. 1999 Sep-Oct; 70(5):1151-62. PMID: 10546338.
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    117. Jacobson KC, Rowe DC. Genetic and environmental influences on the relationships between family connectedness, school connectedness, and adolescent depressed mood: sex differences. Dev Psychol. 1999 Jul; 35(4):926-39. PMID: 10442862.
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    118. Rowe, DC, Almeida, DM, & Jacobson, KC. School context and genetic influences on aggression in adolescence. Psychological Science. 1999; (10):277-280.
    119. Jacobson KC, Rowe DC. Genetic and shared environmental influences on adolescent BMI: interactions with race and sex. Behav Genet. 1998 Jul; 28(4):265-78. PMID: 9803019.
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    120. Barber BL, Jacobson KC, Miller KE, Petersen AC. Ups and downs: daily cycles of adolescent moods. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 1998; (82):23-36. PMID: 12794949.
      View in: PubMed
    121. Barber BL, Jacobson KC, Miller KE, Petersen AC. Ups and downs: daily cycles of adolescent moods. New Dir Child Dev. 1998; (82):23-36. PMID: 9881068.
      View in: PubMed
    122. Spelke ES, Breinlinger K, Jacobson K, Phillips A. Gestalt relations and object perception: a developmental study. Perception. 1993; 22(12):1483-501. PMID: 8090623.
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    123. Spelke ES, Breinlinger K, Macomber J, Jacobson K. Origins of knowledge. Psychol Rev. 1992 Oct; 99(4):605-32. PMID: 1454901.
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