Vermijlen D, Luo D, Froelich CJ, Medema JP, Kummer JA, Willems E, Braet F, Wisse E
Pit cells exclusively kill P815 tumor cells by the perforin/granzyme pathway. Comp Hepatol. 2004 Jan 14; 3 Suppl 1:S58.
Pit cells exclusively kill P815 tumor cells by the perforin/granzyme pathway.
Ralph W. Gerard Professor of Biological Sciences, Emeritus
Duan H, Orth K, Chinnaiyan AM, Poirier GG, Froelich CJ, He WW, Dixit VM
ICE-LAP6, a novel member of the ICE/Ced-3 gene family, is activated by the cytotoxic T cell protease granzyme B. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 12; 271(28):16720-4.
ICE-LAP6, a novel member of the ICE/Ced-3 gene family, is activated by the cytotoxic T cell protease granzyme B.
Sower LE, Klimpel GR, Hanna W, Froelich CJ
Extracellular activities of human granzymes. I. Granzyme A induces IL6 and IL8 production in fibroblast and epithelial cell lines. Cell Immunol. 1996 Jul 10; 171(1):159-63.
Extracellular activities of human granzymes. I. Granzyme A induces IL6 and IL8 production in fibroblast and epithelial cell lines.
Orth K, Chinnaiyan AM, Garg M, Froelich CJ, Dixit VM
The CED-3/ICE-like protease Mch2 is activated during apoptosis and cleaves the death substrate lamin A. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 12; 271(28):16443-6.
The CED-3/ICE-like protease Mch2 is activated during apoptosis and cleaves the death substrate lamin A.
Swedler W, Wallman J, Froelich CJ, Teodorescu M
Routine measurement of IgM, IgG, and IgA rheumatoid factors: high sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1997 Jun; 24(6):1037-44.
Routine measurement of IgM, IgG, and IgA rheumatoid factors: high sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for rheumatoid arthritis.
Wever PC, Van Der Vliet HJ, Spaeny LH, Wolbink AM, Van Diepen FN, Froelich CJ, Hack CE, ten Berge IJ
The CD8+ granzyme B+ T-cell subset in peripheral blood from healthy individuals contains activated and apoptosis-prone cells. Immunology. 1998 Mar; 93(3):383-9.
The CD8+ granzyme B+ T-cell subset in peripheral blood from healthy individuals contains activated and apoptosis-prone cells.
Froelich CJ, Orth K, Turbov J, Seth P, Gottlieb R, Babior B, Shah GM, Bleackley RC, Dixit VM, Hanna W
New paradigm for lymphocyte granule-mediated cytotoxicity. Target cells bind and internalize granzyme B, but an endosomolytic agent is necessary for cytosolic delivery and subsequent apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 15; 271(46):29073-9.
New paradigm for lymphocyte granule-mediated cytotoxicity. Target cells bind and internalize granzyme B, but an endosomolytic agent is necessary for cytosolic delivery and subsequent apoptosis.
Lymphocyte granule-mediated apoptosis: matters of viral mimicry and deadly proteases. Immunol Today. 1998 Jan; 19(1):30-6.
Lymphocyte granule-mediated apoptosis: matters of viral mimicry and deadly proteases.
Jackson DS, Fraser SA, Ni LM, Kam CM, Winkler U, Johnson DA, Froelich CJ, Hudig D, Powers JC
Synthesis and evaluation of diphenyl phosphonate esters as inhibitors of the trypsin-like granzymes A and K and mast cell tryptase. J Med Chem. 1998 Jun 18; 41(13):2289-301.
Synthesis and evaluation of diphenyl phosphonate esters as inhibitors of the trypsin-like granzymes A and K and mast cell tryptase.
Stenger S, Hanson DA, Teitelbaum R, Dewan P, Niazi KR, Froelich CJ, Ganz T, Thoma-Uszynski S, Melián A, Bogdan C, Porcelli SA, Bloom BR, Krensky AM, Modlin RL
An antimicrobial activity of cytolytic T cells mediated by granulysin. Science. 1998 Oct 02; 282(5386):121-5.
An antimicrobial activity of cytolytic T cells mediated by granulysin.
Hommel-Berrey GA, Bochan MR, Montel AH, Goebel WS, Froelich CJ, Brahmi Z
Granzyme B independently of perforin mediates noncytolytic intracellular inactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus. Cell Immunol. 1997 Aug 25; 180(1):1-9.
Granzyme B independently of perforin mediates noncytolytic intracellular inactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus.
Yang X, Stennicke HR, Wang B, Green DR, Jänicke RU, Srinivasan A, Seth P, Salvesen GS, Froelich CJ
Granzyme B mimics apical caspases. Description of a unified pathway for trans-activation of executioner caspase-3 and -7. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 18; 273(51):34278-83.
Granzyme B mimics apical caspases. Description of a unified pathway for trans-activation of executioner caspase-3 and -7.
Chinnaiyan AM, Hanna WL, Orth K, Duan H, Poirier GG, Froelich CJ, Dixit VM
Cytotoxic T-cell-derived granzyme B activates the apoptotic protease ICE-LAP3. Curr Biol. 1996 Jul 01; 6(7):897-9.
Cytotoxic T-cell-derived granzyme B activates the apoptotic protease ICE-LAP3.
Froelich CJ, Hanna WL, Poirier GG, Duriez PJ, D'Amours D, Salvesen GS, Alnemri ES, Earnshaw WC, Shah GM
Biochemical and biophysical research communications
Granzyme B/perforin-mediated apoptosis of Jurkat cells results in cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to the 89-kDa apoptotic fragment and less abundant 64-kDa fragment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Oct 23; 227(3):658-65.
Granzyme B/perforin-mediated apoptosis of Jurkat cells results in cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to the 89-kDa apoptotic fragment and less abundant 64-kDa fragment.
Human perforin: rapid enrichment by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) for whole cell cytotoxicity assays. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Dec 04; 229(1):44-9.
Human perforin: rapid enrichment by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) for whole cell cytotoxicity assays.
Jans DA, Briggs LJ, Jans P, Froelich CJ, Parasivam G, Kumar S, Sutton VR, Trapani JA
Nuclear targeting of the serine protease granzyme A (fragmentin-1). J Cell Sci. 1998 Sep; 111 ( Pt 17):2645-54.
Nuclear targeting of the serine protease granzyme A (fragmentin-1).
Jans DA, Sutton VR, Jans P, Froelich CJ, Trapani JA
BCL-2 blocks perforin-induced nuclear translocation of granzymes concomitant with protection against the nuclear events of apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 12; 274(7):3953-61.
BCL-2 blocks perforin-induced nuclear translocation of granzymes concomitant with protection against the nuclear events of apoptosis.
Tak PP, Spaeny-Dekking L, Kraan MC, Breedveld FC, Froelich CJ, Hack CE
The levels of soluble granzyme A and B are elevated in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clin Exp Immunol. 1999 May; 116(2):366-70.
The levels of soluble granzyme A and B are elevated in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Johnstone RW, Tainton KM, Ruefli AA, Froelich CJ, Cerruti L, Jane SM, Smyth MJ
P-glycoprotein does not protect cells against cytolysis induced by pore-forming proteins. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18; 276(20):16667-73.
P-glycoprotein does not protect cells against cytolysis induced by pore-forming proteins.
Spaeny-Dekking EH, Kamp AM, Froelich CJ, Hack CE
Extracellular granzyme A, complexed to proteoglycans, is protected against inactivation by protease inhibitors. Blood. 2000 Feb 15; 95(4):1465-72.
Extracellular granzyme A, complexed to proteoglycans, is protected against inactivation by protease inhibitors.
Shi L, Yang X, Froelich CJ, Greenberg AH
Purification and use of granzyme B. Methods Enzymol. 2000; 322:125-43.
Pinkoski MJ, Hobman M, Heibein JA, Tomaselli K, Li F, Seth P, Froelich CJ, Bleackley RC
Entry and trafficking of granzyme B in target cells during granzyme B-perforin-mediated apoptosis. Blood. 1998 Aug 01; 92(3):1044-54.
Entry and trafficking of granzyme B in target cells during granzyme B-perforin-mediated apoptosis.
Stennicke HR, Jürgensmeier JM, Shin H, Deveraux Q, Wolf BB, Yang X, Zhou Q, Ellerby HM, Ellerby LM, Bredesen D, Green DR, Reed JC, Froelich CJ, Salvesen GS
Pro-caspase-3 is a major physiologic target of caspase-8. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 16; 273(42):27084-90.
Pro-caspase-3 is a major physiologic target of caspase-8.
Trapani JA, Jans P, Smyth MJ, Froelich CJ, Williams EA, Sutton VR, Jans DA
Perforin-dependent nuclear entry of granzyme B precedes apoptosis, and is not a consequence of nuclear membrane dysfunction. Cell Death Differ. 1998 Jun; 5(6):488-96.
Perforin-dependent nuclear entry of granzyme B precedes apoptosis, and is not a consequence of nuclear membrane dysfunction.
Spaeny-Dekking EH, Hanna WL, Wolbink AM, Wever PC, Kummer JA, Kummer AJ, Swaak AJ, Middeldorp JM, Huisman HG, Froelich CJ, Hack CE
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
Extracellular granzymes A and B in humans: detection of native species during CTL responses in vitro and in vivo. J Immunol. 1998 Apr 01; 160(7):3610-6.
Extracellular granzymes A and B in humans: detection of native species during CTL responses in vitro and in vivo.
Jerome KR, Chen Z, Lang R, Torres MR, Hofmeister J, Smith S, Fox R, Froelich CJ, Corey L
HSV and glycoprotein J inhibit caspase activation and apoptosis induced by granzyme B or Fas. J Immunol. 2001 Oct 01; 167(7):3928-35.
HSV and glycoprotein J inhibit caspase activation and apoptosis induced by granzyme B or Fas.
Pink JJ, Wuerzberger-Davis S, Tagliarino C, Planchon SM, Yang X, Froelich CJ, Boothman DA
Activation of a cysteine protease in MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells during beta-lapachone-mediated apoptosis. Exp Cell Res. 2000 Mar 15; 255(2):144-55.
Activation of a cysteine protease in MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells during beta-lapachone-mediated apoptosis.
Metkar SS, Wang B, Aguilar-Santelises M, Raja SM, Uhlin-Hansen L, Podack E, Trapani JA, Froelich CJ
Cytotoxic cell granule-mediated apoptosis: perforin delivers granzyme B-serglycin complexes into target cells without plasma membrane pore formation. Immunity. 2002 Mar; 16(3):417-28.
Cytotoxic cell granule-mediated apoptosis: perforin delivers granzyme B-serglycin complexes into target cells without plasma membrane pore formation.
Browne KA, Blink E, Sutton VR, Froelich CJ, Jans DA, Trapani JA
Cytosolic delivery of granzyme B by bacterial toxins: evidence that endosomal disruption, in addition to transmembrane pore formation, is an important function of perforin. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Dec; 19(12):8604-15.
Cytosolic delivery of granzyme B by bacterial toxins: evidence that endosomal disruption, in addition to transmembrane pore formation, is an important function of perforin.
Kawasaki Y, Saito T, Shirota-Someya Y, Ikegami Y, Komano H, Lee MH, Froelich CJ, Shinohara N, Takayama H
Cell death-associated translocation of plasma membrane components induced by CTL. J Immunol. 2000 May 01; 164(9):4641-8.
Cell death-associated translocation of plasma membrane components induced by CTL.
Mackewicz CE, Lieberman J, Froelich C, Levy JA
HIV virions and HIV infection in vitro are unaffected by human granzymes A and B. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2000 Mar 01; 16(4):367-72.
HIV virions and HIV infection in vitro are unaffected by human granzymes A and B.
Sustained delivery of interleukin-2 from a poloxamer 407 gel matrix following intraperitoneal injection in mice. Pharm Res. 1992 Mar; 9(3):425-34.
Sustained delivery of interleukin-2 from a poloxamer 407 gel matrix following intraperitoneal injection in mice.
Metkar SS, Aguilar-Santelises M, Wang B, Froelich CJ
Flow cytometry cannot assess surface binding of perforin to target cells. Blood. 2001 Apr 01; 97(7):2181-3.
Flow cytometry cannot assess surface binding of perforin to target cells.
Kaspar AA, Okada S, Kumar J, Poulain FR, Drouvalakis KA, Kelekar A, Hanson DA, Kluck RM, Hitoshi Y, Johnson DE, Froelich CJ, Thompson CB, Newmeyer DD, Anel A, Clayberger C, Krensky AM
A distinct pathway of cell-mediated apoptosis initiated by granulysin. J Immunol. 2001 Jul 01; 167(1):350-6.
A distinct pathway of cell-mediated apoptosis initiated by granulysin.
Yang XH, Sladek TL, Liu X, Butler BR, Froelich CJ, Thor AD
Reconstitution of caspase 3 sensitizes MCF-7 breast cancer cells to doxorubicin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res. 2001 Jan 01; 61(1):348-54.
Reconstitution of caspase 3 sensitizes MCF-7 breast cancer cells to doxorubicin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis.
Liu N, Raja SM, Zazzeroni F, Metkar SS, Shah R, Zhang M, Wang Y, Brömme D, Russin WA, Lee JC, Peter ME, Froelich CJ, Franzoso G, Ashton-Rickardt PG
NF-kappaB protects from the lysosomal pathway of cell death. EMBO J. 2003 Oct 01; 22(19):5313-22.
NF-kappaB protects from the lysosomal pathway of cell death.
Raja SM, Wang B, Dantuluri M, Desai UR, Demeler B, Spiegel K, Metkar SS, Froelich CJ
Cytotoxic cell granule-mediated apoptosis. Characterization of the macromolecular complex of granzyme B with serglycin. J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 20; 277(51):49523-30.
Cytotoxic cell granule-mediated apoptosis. Characterization of the macromolecular complex of granzyme B with serglycin.
Agarose/polyacrylamide minislab gel electrophoresis of intact cartilage proteoglycans and their proteolytic degradation products. Anal Biochem. 1991 Sep 02; 197(2):396-400.
Agarose/polyacrylamide minislab gel electrophoresis of intact cartilage proteoglycans and their proteolytic degradation products.
Mackewicz CE, Wang B, Metkar S, Richey M, Froelich CJ, Levy JA
Lack of the CD8+ cell anti-HIV factor in CD8+ cell granules. Blood. 2003 Jul 01; 102(1):180-3.
Lack of the CD8+ cell anti-HIV factor in CD8+ cell granules.
Odeberg J, Browne H, Metkar S, Froelich CJ, Brandén L, Cosman D, Söderberg-Nauclér C
The human cytomegalovirus protein UL16 mediates increased resistance to natural killer cell cytotoxicity through resistance to cytolytic proteins. J Virol. 2003 Apr; 77(8):4539-45.
The human cytomegalovirus protein UL16 mediates increased resistance to natural killer cell cytotoxicity through resistance to cytolytic proteins.
Granzyme B-mediated apoptosis--the elephant and the blind men? Cell Death Differ. 2004 Apr; 11(4):369-71.
Granzyme B-mediated apoptosis--the elephant and the blind men?
Lee YJ, Froelich CJ, Fujita N, Tsuruo T, Kim JH
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
Reconstitution of caspase-3 confers low glucose-enhanced tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand cytotoxicity and Akt cleavage. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Mar 15; 10(6):1894-900.
Reconstitution of caspase-3 confers low glucose-enhanced tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand cytotoxicity and Akt cleavage.
Vermijlen D, Froelich CJ, Luo D, Suarez-Huerta N, Robaye B, Wisse E
Perforin and granzyme B induce apoptosis in FasL-resistant colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2001 Jun; 50(4):212-7.
Perforin and granzyme B induce apoptosis in FasL-resistant colon carcinoma cells.
Bots M, Kolfschoten IG, Bres SA, Rademaker MT, de Roo GM, Krüse M, Franken KL, Hahne M, Froelich CJ, Melief CJ, Offringa R, Medema JP
SPI-CI and SPI-6 cooperate in the protection from effector cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Blood. 2005 Feb 01; 105(3):1153-61.
SPI-CI and SPI-6 cooperate in the protection from effector cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Uzzo RG, Kolenko V, Froelich CJ, Tannenbaum C, Molto L, Novick AC, Bander NH, Bukowski R, Finke JH
The T cell death knell: immune-mediated tumor death in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Oct; 7(10):3276-81.
The T cell death knell: immune-mediated tumor death in renal cell carcinoma.
Phillips T, Opferman JT, Shah R, Liu N, Froelich CJ, Ashton-Rickardt PG
A role for the granzyme B inhibitor serine protease inhibitor 6 in CD8+ memory cell homeostasis. J Immunol. 2004 Sep 15; 173(6):3801-9.
A role for the granzyme B inhibitor serine protease inhibitor 6 in CD8+ memory cell homeostasis.
Azuma T, Otsuki T, Kuzushima K, Froelich CJ, Fujita S, Yasukawa M
Myeloma cells are highly sensitive to the granule exocytosis pathway mediated by WT1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Nov 01; 10(21):7402-12.
Myeloma cells are highly sensitive to the granule exocytosis pathway mediated by WT1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Human neutrophils lack granzyme A, granzyme B, and perforin. Blood. 2004 Aug 01; 104(3):905-6; author reply 907-8.
Human neutrophils lack granzyme A, granzyme B, and perforin.
Trapani JA, Sutton VR, Thia KY, Li YQ, Froelich CJ, Jans DA, Sandrin MS, Browne KA
A clathrin/dynamin- and mannose-6-phosphate receptor-independent pathway for granzyme B-induced cell death. J Cell Biol. 2003 Jan 20; 160(2):223-33.
A clathrin/dynamin- and mannose-6-phosphate receptor-independent pathway for granzyme B-induced cell death.
Metkar SS, Wang B, Ebbs ML, Kim JH, Lee YJ, Raja SM, Froelich CJ
Granzyme B activates procaspase-3 which signals a mitochondrial amplification loop for maximal apoptosis. J Cell Biol. 2003 Mar 17; 160(6):875-85.
Granzyme B activates procaspase-3 which signals a mitochondrial amplification loop for maximal apoptosis.
Detection of functional cell surface perforin by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods. 2005 Apr; 299(1-2):117-27.
Detection of functional cell surface perforin by flow cytometry.
Besenicar MP, Metkar S, Wang B, Froelich CJ, Anderluh G
Granzyme B translocates across the lipid membrane only in the presence of lytic agents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Jul 04; 371(3):391-4.
Granzyme B translocates across the lipid membrane only in the presence of lytic agents.
Dressel R, Raja SM, Höning S, Seidler T, Froelich CJ, von Figura K, Günther E
Granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity does not involve the mannose 6-phosphate receptors on target cells. J Biol Chem. 2004 May 07; 279(19):20200-10.
Granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity does not involve the mannose 6-phosphate receptors on target cells.
Granule-associated serine proteases: granzymes might not just be killer proteases. Trends Immunol. 2009 Mar; 30(3):117-23.
Granule-associated serine proteases: granzymes might not just be killer proteases.
Buzza MS, Zamurs L, Sun J, Bird CH, Smith AI, Trapani JA, Froelich CJ, Nice EC, Bird PI
Extracellular matrix remodeling by human granzyme B via cleavage of vitronectin, fibronectin, and laminin. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 24; 280(25):23549-58.
Extracellular matrix remodeling by human granzyme B via cleavage of vitronectin, fibronectin, and laminin.
Froelich CJ, Wallman J, Skosey JL, Teodorescu M
Clinical value of an integrated ELISA system for the detection of 6 autoantibodies (ssDNA, dsDNA, Sm, RNP/Sm, SSA, and SSB). J Rheumatol. 1990 Feb; 17(2):192-200.
Clinical value of an integrated ELISA system for the detection of 6 autoantibodies (ssDNA, dsDNA, Sm, RNP/Sm, SSA, and SSB).
Retinal vein thrombosis in a patient with pernicious anemia and anticardiolipin antibodies. J Rheumatol. 1989 Aug; 16(8):1144-6.
Retinal vein thrombosis in a patient with pernicious anemia and anticardiolipin antibodies.
Granzyme A is a proinflammatory protease. Blood. 2009 Oct 29; 114(18):3968; author reply 3969-70.
Granzyme A is a proinflammatory protease.
Joeckel LT, Wallich R, Martin P, Sanchez-Martinez D, Weber FC, Martin SF, Borner C, Pardo J, Froelich C, Simon MM
Mouse granzyme K has pro-inflammatory potential. Cell Death Differ. 2011 Jul; 18(7):1112-9.
Mouse granzyme K has pro-inflammatory potential.
Intracellular trafficking of perforin: to thwart a killer. Immunity. 2011 Jun 24; 34(6):823-5.
Intracellular trafficking of perforin: to thwart a killer.
Bovenschen N, de Koning PJ, Quadir R, Broekhuizen R, Damen JM, Froelich CJ, Slijper M, Kummer JA
NK cell protease granzyme M targets alpha-tubulin and disorganizes the microtubule network. J Immunol. 2008 Jun 15; 180(12):8184-91.
NK cell protease granzyme M targets alpha-tubulin and disorganizes the microtubule network.
Lysis of human T cell leukemia virus infected T and B lymphoid cells by interleukin 2-activated killer cells. J Immunol. 1987 Dec 01; 139(11):3637-43.
Lysis of human T cell leukemia virus infected T and B lymphoid cells by interleukin 2-activated killer cells.
Joeckel LT, Wallich R, Metkar SS, Froelich CJ, Simon MM, Borner C
Interleukin-1R signaling is essential for induction of proapoptotic CD8 T cells, viral clearance, and pathology during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice. J Virol. 2012 Aug; 86(16):8713-9.
Interleukin-1R signaling is essential for induction of proapoptotic CD8 T cells, viral clearance, and pathology during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice.
Praper T, Sonnen AF, Kladnik A, Andrighetti AO, Viero G, Morris KJ, Volpi E, Lunelli L, Dalla Serra M, Froelich CJ, Gilbert RJ, Anderluh G
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Perforin activity at membranes leads to invaginations and vesicle formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Dec 27; 108(52):21016-21.
Perforin activity at membranes leads to invaginations and vesicle formation.
Modulation of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by beta-endorphin. J Neuroimmunol. 1987 Dec; 17(1):1-10.
Modulation of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by beta-endorphin.
Hallermalm K, Seki K, De Geer A, Motyka B, Bleackley RC, Jager MJ, Froelich CJ, Kiessling R, Levitsky V, Levitskaya J
Modulation of the tumor cell phenotype by IFN-gamma results in resistance of uveal melanoma cells to granule-mediated lysis by cytotoxic lymphocytes. J Immunol. 2008 Mar 15; 180(6):3766-74.
Modulation of the tumor cell phenotype by IFN-gamma results in resistance of uveal melanoma cells to granule-mediated lysis by cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Natural immunity and cell growth regulation
Natural killer cells do not lyse resting or mitogen-stimulated B cells. Nat Immun Cell Growth Regul. 1987; 6(1):12-8.
Natural killer cells do not lyse resting or mitogen-stimulated B cells.
Raja SM, Metkar SS, Höning S, Wang B, Russin WA, Pipalia NH, Menaa C, Belting M, Cao X, Dressel R, Froelich CJ
A novel mechanism for protein delivery: granzyme B undergoes electrostatic exchange from serglycin to target cells. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 27; 280(21):20752-61.
A novel mechanism for protein delivery: granzyme B undergoes electrostatic exchange from serglycin to target cells.
Zuber B, Levitsky V, Jönsson G, Paulie S, Samarina A, Grundström S, Metkar S, Norell H, Callender GG, Froelich C, Ahlborg N
Detection of human perforin by ELISpot and ELISA: ex vivo identification of virus-specific cells. J Immunol Methods. 2005 Jul; 302(1-2):13-25.
Detection of human perforin by ELISpot and ELISA: ex vivo identification of virus-specific cells.
Metkar SS, Menaa C, Pardo J, Wang B, Wallich R, Freudenberg M, Kim S, Raja SM, Shi L, Simon MM, Froelich CJ
Human and mouse granzyme A induce a proinflammatory cytokine response. Immunity. 2008 Nov 14; 29(5):720-33.
Human and mouse granzyme A induce a proinflammatory cytokine response.
The effect of beta-endorphin on natural cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 16; 35(3):261-5.
The effect of beta-endorphin on natural cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
High anion gap acidosis during intravenous infusion of protein hydrolysate. South Med J. 1984 May; 77(5):661-3.
High anion gap acidosis during intravenous infusion of protein hydrolysate.
Interferon-alpha regulation of lymphocyte function in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1984 Jul; 32(1):70-80.
Interferon-alpha regulation of lymphocyte function in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Natural cytotoxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus: mechanisms of suppression by inhibitory serum factors. Clin Exp Immunol. 1983 Aug; 53(2):363-70.
Natural cytotoxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus: mechanisms of suppression by inhibitory serum factors.
Froelich CJ, Guiffaut S, Sosenko M, Muth K
Deficient interleukin-2-activated killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1989 Jan; 50(1 Pt 1):132-45.
Deficient interleukin-2-activated killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Froelich CJ, Zhang X, Turbov J, Hudig D, Winkler U, Hanna WL
Human granzyme B degrades aggrecan proteoglycan in matrix synthesized by chondrocytes. J Immunol. 1993 Dec 15; 151(12):7161-71.
Human granzyme B degrades aggrecan proteoglycan in matrix synthesized by chondrocytes.
McChesney MB, Froelich CJ, Cantrell JL, Williams RC
Salmonella typhimurium mitogen induces proliferation of human B lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 1985 Jun; 93(1):83-90.
Salmonella typhimurium mitogen induces proliferation of human B lymphocytes.
Praper T, Besenicar MP, Istinic H, Podlesek Z, Metkar SS, Froelich CJ, Anderluh G
Human perforin permeabilizing activity, but not binding to lipid membranes, is affected by pH. Mol Immunol. 2010 Sep; 47(15):2492-504.
Human perforin permeabilizing activity, but not binding to lipid membranes, is affected by pH.
Enrichment of natural killer cells by negative selection: comparison to Percoll gradient separation method. J Immunol Methods. 1983 Nov 25; 64(3):327-33.
Enrichment of natural killer cells by negative selection: comparison to Percoll gradient separation method.
Abnormal interferon modulation of natural cytotoxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Relation to suppressive serum factors. Arthritis Rheum. 1983 Dec; 26(12):1452-9.
Abnormal interferon modulation of natural cytotoxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Relation to suppressive serum factors.
Selinger DS, Chongsiriwatana K, Froelich CJ, Vogel AV, Kisch AL
Telltale mouth flora: a clue to the diagnosis of factitious recurrent thigh abscesses. South Med J. 1979 Feb; 72(2):225-6.
Telltale mouth flora: a clue to the diagnosis of factitious recurrent thigh abscesses.
Froelich CJ, Tai AS, Bankhurst AD, Warner NL
Human E-rosette-positive cells which bind monomeric IgG mediate natural cytotoxicity. Cell Immunol. 1982 Jan 01; 66(1):190-4.
Human E-rosette-positive cells which bind monomeric IgG mediate natural cytotoxicity.
Pulido JS, Ward LM, Fishman GA, Goodwin JA, Froelich CJ, Sanghvi JP
Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with retinal vascular disease. Retina. 1987; 7(4):215-8.
Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with retinal vascular disease.
Hanna WL, Turbov JM, Jackman HL, Tan F, Froelich CJ
Dominant chymotrypsin-like esterase activity in human lymphocyte granules is mediated by the serine carboxypeptidase called cathepsin A-like protective protein. J Immunol. 1994 Nov 15; 153(10):4663-72.
Dominant chymotrypsin-like esterase activity in human lymphocyte granules is mediated by the serine carboxypeptidase called cathepsin A-like protective protein.
Mathews PM, Froelich CJ, Sibbitt WL, Bankhurst AD
Enhancement of natural cytotoxicity by beta-endorphin. J Immunol. 1983 Apr; 130(4):1658-62.
Enhancement of natural cytotoxicity by beta-endorphin.
Characterization of E-rosette-positive Fc-receptor-bearing cells by flow cytometry. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1982 Jan; 22(1):105-17.
Characterization of E-rosette-positive Fc-receptor-bearing cells by flow cytometry.
Metkar SS, Wang B, Catalan E, Anderluh G, Gilbert RJ, Pardo J, Froelich CJ
Perforin rapidly induces plasma membrane phospholipid flip-flop. PLoS One. 2011; 6(9):e24286.
Perforin rapidly induces plasma membrane phospholipid flip-flop.
Separation of natural and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by differential reactivity of human mononuclear cell Fc receptors with IgG. Clin Exp Immunol. 1984 Mar; 55(3):664-70.
Separation of natural and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by differential reactivity of human mononuclear cell Fc receptors with IgG.
Natural killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: characterization of effector cells by E-rosetting and monoclonal antibodies. Cell Immunol. 1983 May; 78(1):33-42.
Natural killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: characterization of effector cells by E-rosetting and monoclonal antibodies.
Williams RC, Froelich CJ, Kilpatrick K, Crowe WE, Levinson JE
T gamma subset specificity of lymphocyte reactive factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus sera. Arthritis Rheum. 1981 Apr; 24(4):585-91.
T gamma subset specificity of lymphocyte reactive factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus sera.
Swanson R, Raghavendra MP, Zhang W, Froelich C, Gettins PG, Olson ST
Serine and cysteine proteases are translocated to similar extents upon formation of covalent complexes with serpins. Fluorescence perturbation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer mapping of the protease binding site in CrmA complexes with granzyme B and caspase-1. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 26; 282(4):2305-13.
Serine and cysteine proteases are translocated to similar extents upon formation of covalent complexes with serpins. Fluorescence perturbation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer mapping of the protease binding site in CrmA complexes with granzyme B and caspase-1.
Froelich CJ, Searles RP, Davis LE, Goodwin JS
A case of Guillain-Barré syndrome with immunologic abnormalities. Ann Intern Med. 1980 Oct; 93(4):563-5.
A case of Guillain-Barré syndrome with immunologic abnormalities.
Searles RP, Davis LE, Hermanson S, Froelich CJ
Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lancet. 1981 Jan 31; 1(8214):273.
Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Froelich CJ, Bankhurst AD, Crowe WE, Williams RC, Warner NL, Levinson JE
Flow cytometry and cytoadherence studies of sera from children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and normal controls. Arthritis Rheum. 1981 Mar; 24(3):457-63.
Flow cytometry and cytoadherence studies of sera from children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and normal controls.
Sower LE, Froelich CJ, Carney DH, Fenton JW, Klimpel GR
Thrombin induces IL-6 production in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Evidence for the involvement of the seven-transmembrane domain (STD) receptor for alpha-thrombin. J Immunol. 1995 Jul 15; 155(2):895-901.
Thrombin induces IL-6 production in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Evidence for the involvement of the seven-transmembrane domain (STD) receptor for alpha-thrombin.
Su B, Bochan MR, Hanna WL, Froelich CJ, Brahmi Z
Human granzyme B is essential for DNA fragmentation of susceptible target cells. Eur J Immunol. 1994 Sep; 24(9):2073-80.
Human granzyme B is essential for DNA fragmentation of susceptible target cells.
Pardo J, Aguilo JI, Anel A, Martin P, Joeckel L, Borner C, Wallich R, Müllbacher A, Froelich CJ, Simon MM
The biology of cytotoxic cell granule exocytosis pathway: granzymes have evolved to induce cell death and inflammation. Microbes Infect. 2009 Apr; 11(4):452-9.
The biology of cytotoxic cell granule exocytosis pathway: granzymes have evolved to induce cell death and inflammation.
Martin P, Pardo J, Schill N, Jöckel L, Berg M, Froelich CJ, Wallich R, Simon MM
Granzyme B-induced and caspase 3-dependent cleavage of gelsolin by mouse cytotoxic T cells modifies cytoskeleton dynamics. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jun 11; 285(24):18918-27.
Granzyme B-induced and caspase 3-dependent cleavage of gelsolin by mouse cytotoxic T cells modifies cytoskeleton dynamics.
Froelich CJ, Burkett JS, Guiffaut S, Kingsland R, Brauner D
Phytohemagglutinin induced proliferation by aged lymphocytes: reduced expression of high affinity interleukin-2 receptors and interleukin-2 secretion. Life Sci. 1988; 43(20):1583-90.
Phytohemagglutinin induced proliferation by aged lymphocytes: reduced expression of high affinity interleukin-2 receptors and interleukin-2 secretion.
Froelich CJ, Goodwin JS, Bankhurst AD, Williams RC
Pregnancy, a temporary fetal graft of suppressor cells in autoimmune disease? Am J Med. 1980 Sep; 69(3):329-31.
Pregnancy, a temporary fetal graft of suppressor cells in autoimmune disease?
Sower LE, Froelich CJ, Allegretto N, Rose PM, Hanna WD, Klimpel GR
Extracellular activities of human granzyme A. Monocyte activation by granzyme A versus alpha-thrombin. J Immunol. 1996 Apr 01; 156(7):2585-90.
Extracellular activities of human granzyme A. Monocyte activation by granzyme A versus alpha-thrombin.
Talanian RV, Yang X, Turbov J, Seth P, Ghayur T, Casiano CA, Orth K, Froelich CJ
Granule-mediated killing: pathways for granzyme B-initiated apoptosis. J Exp Med. 1997 Oct 20; 186(8):1323-31.
Granule-mediated killing: pathways for granzyme B-initiated apoptosis.
Kataoka T, Schröter M, Hahne M, Schneider P, Irmler M, Thome M, Froelich CJ, Tschopp J
FLIP prevents apoptosis induced by death receptors but not by perforin/granzyme B, chemotherapeutic drugs, and gamma irradiation. J Immunol. 1998 Oct 15; 161(8):3936-42.
FLIP prevents apoptosis induced by death receptors but not by perforin/granzyme B, chemotherapeutic drugs, and gamma irradiation.
Galvin JP, Spaeny-Dekking LH, Wang B, Seth P, Hack CE, Froelich CJ
Apoptosis induced by granzyme B-glycosaminoglycan complexes: implications for granule-mediated apoptosis in vivo. J Immunol. 1999 May 01; 162(9):5345-50.
Apoptosis induced by granzyme B-glycosaminoglycan complexes: implications for granule-mediated apoptosis in vivo.
Ronday HK, van der Laan WH, Tak PP, de Roos JA, Bank RA, TeKoppele JM, Froelich CJ, Hack CE, Hogendoorn PC, Breedveld FC, Verheijen JH
Human granzyme B mediates cartilage proteoglycan degradation and is expressed at the invasive front of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Jan; 40(1):55-61.
Human granzyme B mediates cartilage proteoglycan degradation and is expressed at the invasive front of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis.
Hepatic natural killer cells exclusively kill splenic/blood natural killer-resistant tumor cells by the perforin/granzyme pathway. J Leukoc Biol. 2002 Oct; 72(4):668-76.
Hepatic natural killer cells exclusively kill splenic/blood natural killer-resistant tumor cells by the perforin/granzyme pathway.
Cytotoxic granule-mediated apoptosis: unraveling the complex mechanism. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003 Oct; 15(5):528-32.
Cytotoxic granule-mediated apoptosis: unraveling the complex mechanism.
Right place, right time. Nat Immunol. 2004 Feb; 5(2):124-5.
Han J, Goldstein LA, Gastman BR, Froelich CJ, Yin XM, Rabinowich H
Degradation of Mcl-1 by granzyme B: implications for Bim-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic events. J Biol Chem. 2004 May 21; 279(21):22020-9.
Degradation of Mcl-1 by granzyme B: implications for Bim-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic events.
Fritsma GA, Leikin JB, Maturen AJ, Froelich CJ, Hryhorczuk DO
Detection of anticardiolipin antibody in patients with cocaine abuse. J Emerg Med. 1991; 9 Suppl 1:37-43.
Detection of anticardiolipin antibody in patients with cocaine abuse.
Rajalingam K, Sharma M, Lohmann C, Oswald M, Thieck O, Froelich CJ, Rudel T
Mcl-1 is a key regulator of apoptosis resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells. PLoS One. 2008 Sep 01; 3(9):e3102.
Mcl-1 is a key regulator of apoptosis resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells.
Han J, Goldstein LA, Hou W, Froelich CJ, Watkins SC, Rabinowich H
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Deregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential by mitochondrial insertion of granzyme B and direct Hax-1 cleavage.
Praper T, Sonnen A, Viero G, Kladnik A, Froelich CJ, Anderluh G, Dalla Serra M, Gilbert RJ
Human perforin employs different avenues to damage membranes. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jan 28; 286(4):2946-55.
Human perforin employs different avenues to damage membranes.
Froelich CJ, Hashimoto F, Searles RP, Bankhurst AD
D-penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1979 Mar-Apr; 6(2):237-9.
D-penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis in rheumatoid arthritis.
Induction of lymphokine activated killer cells in serum-free medium. J Immunol Methods. 1986 Feb 12; 86(2):205-11.
Induction of lymphokine activated killer cells in serum-free medium.
Hanna WL, Zhang X, Turbov J, Winkler U, Hudig D, Froelich CJ
Rapid purification of cationic granule proteases: application to human granzymes. Protein Expr Purif. 1993 Oct; 4(5):398-404.
Rapid purification of cationic granule proteases: application to human granzymes.
Molecular Mechanism of Granule-mediated Apoptosis
Arias MA, Jiménez de Bagües MP, Aguiló N, Menao S, Hervás-Stubbs S, de Martino A, Alcaraz A, Simon MM, Froelich CJ, Pardo J
Elucidating sources and roles of granzymes A and B during bacterial infection and sepsis. Cell Rep. 2014 Jul 24; 8(2):420-9.
Elucidating sources and roles of granzymes A and B during bacterial infection and sepsis.
Gilbert RJ, Dalla Serra M, Froelich CJ, Wallace MI, Anderluh G
Membrane pore formation at protein-lipid interfaces. Trends Biochem Sci. 2014 Nov; 39(11):510-6.
Membrane pore formation at protein-lipid interfaces.
Metkar SS, Marchioretto M, Antonini V, Lunelli L, Wang B, Gilbert RJ, Anderluh G, Roth R, Pooga M, Pardo J, Heuser JE, Serra MD, Froelich CJ
Perforin oligomers form arcs in cellular membranes: a locus for intracellular delivery of granzymes. Cell Death Differ. 2015 Jan; 22(1):74-85.
Perforin oligomers form arcs in cellular membranes: a locus for intracellular delivery of granzymes.
Budiman-Mak E, Conrad KJ, Roach KE, Moore JW, Lertratanakul Y, Koch AE, Skosey JL, Froelich C, Joyce-Clark N
Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases
Can foot orthoses prevent hallux valgus deformity in rheumatoid arthritis? A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Rheumatol. 1995 Dec; 1(6):313-22.
Can foot orthoses prevent hallux valgus deformity in rheumatoid arthritis? A randomized clinical trial.
Catalán E, Jaime-Sánchez P, Aguiló N, Simon MM, Froelich CJ, Pardo J
Mouse cytotoxic T cell-derived granzyme B activates the mitochondrial cell death pathway in a Bim-dependent fashion. J Biol Chem. 2015 Mar 13; 290(11):6868-77.
Mouse cytotoxic T cell-derived granzyme B activates the mitochondrial cell death pathway in a Bim-dependent fashion.
Valdes-Dapena M, Hoffman HJ, Froelich C, Requeira O
Glomerulosclerosis in the sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Pathol. 1990; 10(1-2):273-9.
Glomerulosclerosis in the sudden infant death syndrome.
Gilbert RJ, Mikelj M, Dalla Serra M, Froelich CJ, Anderluh G
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
Effects of MACPF/CDC proteins on lipid membranes. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2013 Jun; 70(12):2083-98.
Effects of MACPF/CDC proteins on lipid membranes.
Spencer CT, Abate G, Sakala IG, Xia M, Truscott SM, Eickhoff CS, Linn R, Blazevic A, Metkar SS, Peng G, Froelich CJ, Hoft DF
Granzyme A produced by ?(9)d(2) T cells induces human macrophages to inhibit growth of an intracellular pathogen. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Jan; 9(1):e1003119.
Granzyme A produced by ?(9)d(2) T cells induces human macrophages to inhibit growth of an intracellular pathogen.
Wensink AC, Kok HM, Meeldijk J, Fermie J, Froelich CJ, Hack CE, Bovenschen N
Granzymes A and K differentially potentiate LPS-induced cytokine response. Cell Death Discov. 2016; 2:16084.
Granzymes A and K differentially potentiate LPS-induced cytokine response.
Santiago L, Menaa C, Arias M, Martin P, Jaime-Sánchez P, Metkar S, Comas L, Erill N, Gonzalez-Rumayor V, Esser E, Galvez EM, Raja S, Simon MM, Sprague SM, Gabay C, Martinez-Lostao L, Pardo J, Froelich CJ
Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)
Granzyme A Contributes to Inflammatory Arthritis in Mice Through Stimulation of Osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Feb; 69(2):320-334.
Granzyme A Contributes to Inflammatory Arthritis in Mice Through Stimulation of Osteoclastogenesis.