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Vernon Leo Towle

TitleClinical Professor
InstitutionUniversity of Chicago
DepartmentNeurology
AddressChicago IL 60637
Email
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    The University of North Carolina, NCPh.D.
    The University of California at Davis, CAB.A.

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Wu S, Issa NP, Rose SL, Haider HA, Nordli DR, Towle VL, Warnke PC, Tao JX. Depth versus surface: A critical review of subdural and depth electrodes in intracranial electroencephalographic studies. Epilepsia. 2024 Jul; 65(7):1868-1878. PMID: 38722693.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    2. Barry MP, Sadeghi R, Towle VL, Stipp K, Grant P, Lane FJ, Szlyk JP, Dagnelie G, Troyk PR. Contributed Session III: Characteristics of electrically-induced visual percepts in the first human with the Intracortical Visual Prosthesis. J Vis. 2023 09 01; 23(11):35. PMID: 37733543.
      Citations:    Fields:    
    3. Tawakol O, Herman MD, Foxley S, Mushahwar VK, Towle VL, Troyk PR. In-vivo testing of a novel wireless intraspinal microstimulation interface for restoration of motor function following spinal cord injury. Artif Organs. 2024 Mar; 48(3):263-273. PMID: 37170929.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    4. Creery JD, Brang DJ, Arndt JD, Bassard A, Towle VL, Tao JX, Wu S, Rose S, Warnke PC, Issa NP, Paller KA. Electrophysiological markers of memory consolidation in the human brain when memories are reactivated during sleep. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 11; 119(44):e2123430119. PMID: 36279460; PMCID: PMC9636913.
      Citations: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Frederick RA, Shih E, Towle VL, Joshi-Imre A, Troyk PR, Cogan SF. Chronic stability of activated iridium oxide film voltage transients from wireless floating microelectrode arrays. Front Neurosci. 2022; 16:876032. PMID: 36003961; PMCID: PMC9393423.
      Citations:    
    6. Brang D, Plass J, Sherman A, Stacey WC, Wasade VS, Grabowecky M, Ahn E, Towle VL, Tao JX, Wu S, Issa NP, Suzuki S. Visual cortex responds to sound onset and offset during passive listening. J Neurophysiol. 2022 06 01; 127(6):1547-1563. PMID: 35507478; PMCID: PMC9190746.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Bruzzone MJ, Issa NP, Wu S, Rose S, Esengul YT, Towle VL, Nordli D, Warnke PC, Tao JX. Hippocampal spikes have heterogeneous scalp EEG correlates important for defining IEDs. Epilepsy Res. 2022 05; 182:106914. PMID: 35367692.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Xie T, Padmanaban M, Javed A, Satzer D, Towle TE, Warnke P, Towle VL. Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on Cerebellar Tremor Compared to Non-Cerebellar Tremor Using a Wearable Device in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis: Case Report. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021; 15:754091. PMID: 35095448; PMCID: PMC8792598.
      Citations:    
    9. Karthik G, Plass J, Beltz AM, Liu Z, Grabowecky M, Suzuki S, Stacey WC, Wasade VS, Towle VL, Tao JX, Wu S, Issa NP, Brang D. Visual speech differentially modulates beta, theta, and high gamma bands in auditory cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 2021 11; 54(9):7301-7317. PMID: 34587350; PMCID: PMC8630510.
      Citations: 5     Translation:Humans
    10. Wu S, Issa NP, Lacy M, Satzer D, Rose SL, Yang CW, Collins JM, Liu X, Sun T, Towle VL, Nordli DR, Warnke PC, Tao JX. Surgical Outcomes and EEG Prognostic Factors After Stereotactic Laser Amygdalohippocampectomy for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol. 2021; 12:654668. PMID: 34079512; PMCID: PMC8165234.
      Citations: 3     
    11. Towle VL, Pham T, McCaffrey M, Allen D, Troyk PR. Toward the development of a color visual prosthesis. J Neural Eng. 2021 02 25; 18(2). PMID: 33339020.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Fox AP, Wagner KR, Towle VL, Xie KG, Xie Z. Caffeine reverses the unconsciousness produced by light anesthesia in the continued presence of isoflurane in rats. PLoS One. 2020; 15(11):e0241818. PMID: 33152041; PMCID: PMC7643991.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    13. Zheng W, Minama Reddy GK, Dai F, Chandramani A, Brang D, Hunter S, Kohrman MH, Rose S, Rossi M, Tao J, Wu S, Byrne R, Frim DM, Warnke P, Towle VL. Chasing language through the brain: Successive parallel networks. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021 01; 132(1):80-93. PMID: 33360179.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Sun T, Liu X, Issa NP, Rose S, Wu S, Wang Q, Martinez R, Towle VL, Jr DRN, Warnke P, Tao JX. RTTBD-like activity in association with hippocampal ictal discharges in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic Disord. 2020 Aug 01; 22(4):462-472. PMID: 32763870.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Towle VL, Pytel P, Lane F, Plass J, Frim DM, Troyk PR. Postmortem investigation of a human cortical visual prosthesis that was implanted for 36 years. J Neural Eng. 2020 07 24; 17(4):045010. PMID: 32541097.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Lee S, Issa NP, Rose S, Tao JX, Warnke PC, Towle VL, van Drongelen W, Wu S. DC shifts, high frequency oscillations, ripples and fast ripples in relation to the seizure onset zone. Seizure. 2020 Apr; 77:52-58. PMID: 31101405; PMCID: PMC6825882.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. Plass J, Ahn E, Towle VL, Stacey WC, Wasade VS, Tao J, Wu S, Issa NP, Brang D. Joint Encoding of Auditory Timing and Location in Visual Cortex. J Cogn Neurosci. 2019 07; 31(7):1002-1017. PMID: 30912728; PMCID: PMC6551606.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Issa NP, Lee S, Wu S, Rose S, Towle VL, Warnke PC, van Drongelen W, Tao JX. Reply to "which small sharp spikes are benign epileptiform transients of sleep?" Clin Neurophysiol. 2018 11; 129(11):2495-2496. PMID: 30268708.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Bruzzone MJ, Issa N, Rose S, Warnke P, Towle VL, Tao JX, Wu S. Insights Into the Therapeutic Effect of Responsive Neurostimulation Assessed With Scalp EEG Recording: A Case Report. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2018 Sep; 35(5):438-441. PMID: 29023305.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Issa NP, Wu S, Rose S, Towle VL, Warnke PC, Tao JX. Small sharp spikes as EEG markers of mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018 09; 129(9):1796-1803. PMID: 30005212.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Daif A, Lukas RV, Issa NP, Javed A, VanHaerents S, Reder AT, Tao JX, Warnke P, Rose S, Towle VL, Wu S. Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody-associated epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2018 03; 80:331-336. PMID: 29433947.
      Citations: 38     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Tao JX, Wu S, Lacy M, Rose S, Issa NP, Yang CW, Dorociak KE, Bruzzone M, Kim J, Daif A, Choi J, Towle VL, Warnke PC. Stereotactic EEG-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 05; 89(5):542-548. PMID: 29183959.
      Citations: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    23. Ali A, Wu S, Issa NP, Rose S, Towle VL, Warnke P, Tao JX. Association of sleep with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2017 11; 76:1-6. PMID: 28917499.
      Citations: 24     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    24. Issa NP, Frank S, Roos RP, Soliven B, Towle VL, Rezania K. Intermuscular coherence in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A preliminary assessment. Muscle Nerve. 2017 06; 55(6):862-868. PMID: 27699797.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Brang D, Dai Z, Zheng W, Towle VL. Registering imaged ECoG electrodes to human cortex: A geometry-based technique. J Neurosci Methods. 2016 11 01; 273:64-73. PMID: 27521723; PMCID: PMC5075506.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Trovk PR, Frim D, Roitberg B, Towle VL, Takahashi K, Suh S, Bak M, Bredeson S. Implantation and testing of WFMA stimulators in macaque. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2016 Aug; 2016:4499-4502. PMID: 28269277.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    27. Towle VL, Lee R, Spire JP, Levelt WJ. Letter to the Editor. J Child Neurol. 2016 May; 31(6):804. PMID: 27076375.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Brang D, Towle VL, Suzuki S, Hillyard SA, Di Tusa S, Dai Z, Tao J, Wu S, Grabowecky M. Peripheral sounds rapidly activate visual cortex: evidence from electrocorticography. J Neurophysiol. 2015 Nov; 114(5):3023-8. PMID: 26334017; PMCID: PMC4737427.
      Citations: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. Xie T, Guan R, Staisch J, Towle VL, Warnke P. Respiratory dyskinesia in a patient with Parkinson disease successfully treated with STN DBS. Neurology. 2015 Aug 04; 85(5):479-80. PMID: 26138944; PMCID: PMC4534072.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Dangle PP, Razmaria AA, Towle VL, Frim DM, Gundeti MS. Is pelvic plexus nerve documentation feasible during robotic assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation with extravesical approach? J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Aug; 9(4):442-7. PMID: 23218755.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Pula JH, Towle VL, Staszak VM, Cao D, Bernard JT, Gomez CM. Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Macular Thinning in Spinocerebellar Ataxia and Cerebellar Multisystem Atrophy. Neuroophthalmology. 2011 Jun; 35(3):108-114. PMID: 21866205; PMCID: PMC3159168.
      Citations: 31     
    32. Gazit T, Doron I, Sagher O, Kohrman MH, Towle VL, Teicher M, Ben-Jacob E. Time-frequency characterization of electrocorticographic recordings of epileptic patients using frequency-entropy similarity: a comparison to other bi-variate measures. J Neurosci Methods. 2011 Jan 15; 194(2):358-73. PMID: 20969891; PMCID: PMC3017949.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Bai X, Towle VL, van Drongelen W, He B. Cortical potential imaging of somatosensory evoked potentials by means of the boundary element method in pediatric epilepsy patients. Brain Topogr. 2011 Jan; 23(4):333-43. PMID: 20652392; PMCID: PMC3033454.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Ossadtchi A, Greenblatt RE, Towle VL, Kohrman MH, Kamada K. Inferring spatiotemporal network patterns from intracranial EEG data. Clin Neurophysiol. 2010 Jun; 121(6):823-35. PMID: 20434948; PMCID: PMC2887736.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. Towle VL, Yoon HA, Castelle M, Edgar JC, Biassou NM, Frim DM, Spire JP, Kohrman MH. ECoG gamma activity during a language task: differentiating expressive and receptive speech areas. Brain. 2008 Aug; 131(Pt 8):2013-27. PMID: 18669510; PMCID: PMC2724904.
      Citations: 122     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Ben-Jacob E, Boccaletti S, Pomyalov A, Procaccia I, Towle VL. Detecting and localizing the foci in human epileptic seizures. Chaos. 2007 Dec; 17(4):043113. PMID: 18163777.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Ben-Jacob E, Doron I, Gazit T, Rephaeli E, Sagher O, Towle VL. Mapping and assessment of epileptogenic foci using frequency-entropy templates. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2007 Nov; 76(5 Pt 1):051903. PMID: 18233683.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. Towle VL, Hunter JD, Edgar JC, Chkhenkeli SA, Castelle MC, Frim DM, Kohrman M, Hecox KE. Frequency domain analysis of human subdural recordings. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 Apr; 24(2):205-13. PMID: 17414977.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. Bai X, Towle VL, He EJ, He B. Evaluation of cortical current density imaging methods using intracranial electrocorticograms and functional MRI. Neuroimage. 2007 Apr 01; 35(2):598-608. PMID: 17303438; PMCID: PMC1995666.
      Citations: 34     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Doron I, Hulata E, Baruchi I, Towle VL, Ben-Jacob E. Time-invariant person-specific frequency templates in human brain activity. Phys Rev Lett. 2006 Jun 30; 96(25):258101. PMID: 16907347.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Chkhenkeli SA, Towle VL, Lortkipanidze GS, Spire JP, Bregvadze ESh, Hunter JD, Kohrman M, Frim DM. Mutually suppressive interrelations of symmetric epileptic foci in bitemporal epilepsy and their inhibitory stimulation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2007 Jan; 109(1):7-22. PMID: 16707211.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    42. Baruchi I, Grossman D, Volman V, Shein M, Hunter J, Towle VL, Ben-Jacob E. Functional holography analysis: simplifying the complexity of dynamical networks. Chaos. 2006 Mar; 16(1):015112. PMID: 16599778.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    43. Bai X, Towle VL, He EJ, He B. Evaluation of cortical imaging techniques based on somatosensory evoked potentials. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006; 2006:1000-1. PMID: 17946434.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. Hunter JD, Hanan DM, Singer BF, Shaikh S, Brubaker KA, Hecox KE, Towle VL. Locating chronically implanted subdural electrodes using surface reconstruction. Clin Neurophysiol. 2005 Aug; 116(8):1984-7. PMID: 16000256.
      Citations: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    45. Lai Y, van Drongelen W, Ding L, Hecox KE, Towle VL, Frim DM, He B. Estimation of in vivo human brain-to-skull conductivity ratio from simultaneous extra- and intra-cranial electrical potential recordings. Clin Neurophysiol. 2005 Feb; 116(2):456-65. PMID: 15661122.
      Citations: 69     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    46. Troyk PR, Bradley D, Bak M, Cogan S, Erickson R, Hu Z, Kufta C, McCreery D, Schmidt E, Sung S, Towle V. Intracortical visual prosthesis research - approach and progress. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2005; 2005:7376-9. PMID: 17281985.
      Citations: 17     Fields:    
    47. Bradley DC, Troyk PR, Berg JA, Bak M, Cogan S, Erickson R, Kufta C, Mascaro M, McCreery D, Schmidt EM, Towle VL, Xu H. Visuotopic mapping through a multichannel stimulating implant in primate V1. J Neurophysiol. 2005 Mar; 93(3):1659-70. PMID: 15342724.
      Citations: 47     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    48. Troyk P, Bak M, Berg J, Bradley D, Cogan S, Erickson R, Kufta C, McCreery D, Schmidt E, Towle V. A model for intracortical visual prosthesis research. Artif Organs. 2003 Nov; 27(11):1005-15. PMID: 14616519.
      Citations: 24     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    49. Zhang X, van Drongelen W, Hecox KE, Towle VL, Frim DM, McGee AB, He B. High-resolution EEG: cortical potential imaging of interictal spikes. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 Oct; 114(10):1963-73. PMID: 14499758.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    50. van Drongelen W, Nayak S, Frim DM, Kohrman MH, Towle VL, Lee HC, McGee AB, Chico MS, Hecox KE. Seizure anticipation in pediatric epilepsy: use of Kolmogorov entropy. Pediatr Neurol. 2003 Sep; 29(3):207-13. PMID: 14629902.
      Citations: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    51. Towle VL, Khorasani L, Uftring S, Pelizzari C, Erickson RK, Spire JP, Hoffmann K, Chu D, Scherg M. Noninvasive identification of human central sulcus: a comparison of gyral morphology, functional MRI, dipole localization, and direct cortical mapping. Neuroimage. 2003 Jul; 19(3):684-97. PMID: 12880799.
      Citations: 17     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    52. Towle VL, Sloan TB. American Board of Neurophysiologic Monitoring intraoperative monitoring credentialing is for physicians, too. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 Jul-Aug; 20(4):296-7. PMID: 14530745.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    53. Mundel T, Milton JG, Dimitrov A, Wilson HW, Pelizzari C, Uftring S, Torres I, Erickson RK, Spire JP, Towle VL. Transient inability to distinguish between faces: electrophysiologic studies. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 Apr; 20(2):102-10. PMID: 12766682.
      Citations: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    54. He B, Zhang X, Lian J, Sasaki H, Wu D, Towle VL. Boundary element method-based cortical potential imaging of somatosensory evoked potentials using subjects' magnetic resonance images. Neuroimage. 2002 Jul; 16(3 Pt 1):564-76. PMID: 12169243.
      Citations: 25     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    55. Chu D, Huttenlocher PR, Levin DN, Towle VL. Reorganization of the hand somatosensory cortex following perinatal unilateral brain injury. Neuropediatrics. 2000 Apr; 31(2):63-9. PMID: 10832579.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    56. Towle VL, Carder RK, Khorasani L, Lindberg D. Electrocorticographic coherence patterns. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1999 Nov; 16(6):528-47. PMID: 10600021.
      Citations: 32     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    57. Proctor TB, Velde TM, Dayal VS, Bhattacharyya TK, Artwohl J, Towle VL. Auditory brain stem response in young and old guinea pigs. Am J Otol. 1998 Mar; 19(2):226-9. PMID: 9520061.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    58. Towle VL, Syed I, Berger C, Grzesczcuk R, Milton J, Erickson RK, Cogen P, Berkson E, Spire JP. Identification of the sensory/motor area and pathologic regions using ECoG coherence. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998 Jan; 106(1):30-9. PMID: 9680162.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    59. Kos-Pietro S, Towle VL, Cakmur R, Spire JP. Maturation of human visual evoked potentials: 27 weeks conceptional age to 2 years. Neuropediatrics. 1997 Dec; 28(6):318-23. PMID: 9453029.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    60. Mhoon EE, Bernstein LP, Towle VL. Saccular influence on the otolith-spinal reflex and posture during sudden falls of the cat. Am J Otol. 1997 Jan; 18(1):86-92. PMID: 8989957.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    61. Cakmur R, Towle VL, Mullan JF, Suarez D, Spire JP. Intra-operative localization of sensorimotor cortex by cortical somatosensory evoked potentials: from analysis of waveforms to dipole source modeling. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1997; 139(12):1117-24; discussion 1124-5. PMID: 9479417.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    62. Pliskin NH, Hamer DP, Goldstein DS, Towle VL, Reder AT, Noronha A, Arnason BG. Improved delayed visual reproduction test performance in multiple sclerosis patients receiving interferon beta-1b. Neurology. 1996 Dec; 47(6):1463-8. PMID: 8960728.
      Citations: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    63. Pliskin NH, Kiolbasa TA, Towle VL, Pankow L, Ernest JT, Noronha A, Luchins DJ. Charles Bonnet syndrome: an early marker for dementia? J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Sep; 44(9):1055-61. PMID: 8790230.
      Citations: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    64. Towle VL, Cohen S, Alperin N, Hoffmann K, Cogen P, Milton J, Grzesczcuk R, Pelizzari C, Syed I, Spire JP. Displaying electrocorticographic findings on gyral anatomy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1995 Apr; 94(4):221-8. PMID: 7537195.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    65. Towle VL, Cakmur R, Cao Y, Brigell M, Parmeggiani L. Locating VEP equivalent dipoles in magnetic resonance images. Int J Neurosci. 1995; 80(1-4):105-16. PMID: 7775043.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    66. Cao Y, Vikingstad EM, Huttenlocher PR, Towle VL, Levin DN. Functional magnetic resonance studies of the reorganization of the human hand sensorimotor area after unilateral brain injury in the perinatal period. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Sep 27; 91(20):9612-6. PMID: 7937815; PMCID: PMC44863.
      Citations: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    67. Cao Y, Towle VL, Levin DN, Balter JM. Functional mapping of human motor cortical activation with conventional MR imaging at 1.5 T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1993 Nov-Dec; 3(6):869-75. PMID: 8280976.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    68. Towle VL, Suarez D, Tan K, Grzeszczuk R, Levin DN, Cakmur R, Frank SA, Spire JP, Bolaños J. The spatial location of EEG electrodes: locating the best-fitting sphere relative to cortical anatomy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1993 Jan; 86(1):1-6. PMID: 7678386.
      Citations: 87     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    69. Blackman JD, Towle VL, Sturis J, Lewis GF, Spire JP, Polonsky KS. Hypoglycemic thresholds for cognitive dysfunction in IDDM. Diabetes. 1992 Mar; 41(3):392-9. PMID: 1551499.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    70. Witt JC, Towle VL, Spire JP, Bolaños J. Tetrahedral recording of 3-D BAEPs: evidence for the centered dipole model. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991 Nov-Dec; 80(6):551-60. PMID: 1720732.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    71. Towle VL, Witt JC, Ohira T, Munson R, Nader SH, Spire JP. Three-dimensional human pattern visual evoked potentials. I. Normal subjects. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991 Sep-Oct; 80(5):329-38. PMID: 1716556.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    72. Towle VL, Witt JC, Nader SH, Reder AT, Foust R, Spire JP. Three-dimensional human pattern visual evoked potentials. II. Multiple sclerosis patients. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991 Sep-Oct; 80(5):339-46. PMID: 1716557.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    73. Blackman JD, Towle VL, Lewis GF, Spire JP, Polonsky KS. Hypoglycemic thresholds for cognitive dysfunction in humans. Diabetes. 1990 Jul; 39(7):828-35. PMID: 2191886.
      Citations: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    74. Towle VL, Maselli R, Bernstein LP, Spire JP. Electrophysiologic studies on locked-in patients: heterogeneity of findings. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1989 Nov; 73(5):419-26. PMID: 2479520.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    75. Witt JC, Towle VL, Munson R, Ohira T, Spire JP. Vector analysis of three-dimensional evoked potentials: eccentric dipoles. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1989 Feb; 36(2):291-5. PMID: 2917775.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    76. Towle VL, Brigell M, Spire JP. Hemi-field pattern visual evoked potentials: a comparison of display and analysis techniques. Brain Topogr. 1989; 1(4):263-70. PMID: 2641269.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    77. Towle VL, Munson R, Ohira T, Ivanovic L, Witt JC, Spire JP. Three-dimensional human somatosensory evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1988 Sep-Oct; 71(5):336-47. PMID: 2457485.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    78. Ivanovic LV, Rosenberg RS, Towle VL, Graham AM, Gewertz BL, Zarins C, Spire JP. Spectral analysis of EEG during carotid endarterectomy. Ann Vasc Surg. 1986 May; 1(1):112-7. PMID: 3504678.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    79. Jaspan JB, Towle VL, Maselli R, Herold K. Clinical studies with an aldose reductase inhibitor in the autonomic and somatic neuropathies of diabetes. Metabolism. 1986 Apr; 35(4 Suppl 1):83-92. PMID: 3083212.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    80. Towle VL, Sutcliffe E, Sokol S. Diagnosing functional visual deficits with the P300 component of the visual evoked potential. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985 Jan; 103(1):47-50. PMID: 3883965.
      Citations: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    81. Sokol S, Hansen VC, Moskowitz A, Greenfield P, Towle VL. Evoked potential and preferential looking estimates of visual acuity in pediatric patients. Ophthalmology. 1983 May; 90(5):552-62. PMID: 6877784.
      Citations: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    82. Towle VL, Moskowitz A, Sokol S, Schwartz B. The visual evoked potential in glaucoma and ocular hypertension: effects of check size, field size, and stimulation rate. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1983 Feb; 24(2):175-83. PMID: 6826322.
      Citations: 32     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    83. Sokol S, Moskowitz A, Towle VL. Age-related changes in the latency of the visual evoked potential: influence of check size. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1981 May; 51(5):559-62. PMID: 6165555.
      Citations: 26     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    84. Towle VL, Harter MR, Previc FH. Binocular interaction of orientation and spatial frequency channels: evoked potentials and observer sensitivity. Percept Psychophys. 1980 Apr; 27(4):351-60. PMID: 7383820.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    85. Harter MR, Conder ES, Towle VL. Orientation-specific and luminance effects: interocular suppression of visual evoked potentials in man. Psychophysiology. 1980 Mar; 17(2):141-5. PMID: 7375616.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    86. Towle VL, Harter MR. Objective determination of human visual acuity from the visual evoked potential. Percept Psychophys. 1979 Jun; 25(6):497-500. PMID: 492915.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    87. Harter MR, Towle VL, Zakrzewski M, Moyer SM. An objective indicant of binocular vision in humans: size-specific interocular suppression of visual evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1977 Dec; 43(6):825-36. PMID: 73450.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    88. Towle VL, Harter MR. Objective determination of human visual acuity: pattern evoked potentials. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1977 Nov; 16(11):1073-6. PMID: 914482.
      Citations: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    89. Harter MR, Towle VL, Musso MF. Size specificity and interocular suppression: monocular evoked potentials and reaction times. Vision Res. 1976; 16(10):1111-7. PMID: 969223.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
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