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John Alverdy

TitleProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of Chicago
DepartmentSurgery-General Surgery
AddressChicago IL 60637
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    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview
    John Alverdy, MD, has run a continuously funded NIH-funded laboratory that studies the molecular interactions of bacteria and the intestinal mucosa in order to understand how life-threatening infections arise after trauma and major surgery and during critical illness. He has developed several anti-infective polymer-based compounds that can attenuate the virulence of several multi-drug resistant pathogens that cause life threatening infections in surgical patients and works with the IME to synthesize, refine, and scale the compounds for pre-clinical testing.

    The Alverdy lab seeks to better understand the regulation of virulence expression among potential pathogens through investigating the characteristics of the microbial context, molecular machinery that senses that context, and ultimately the lethal combinations of virulence expression that leads to disease. The majority of our work has focused on the sense and response virulence mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a well characterized and clinically important pathogen. We have shown a remarkable potential for this organisms to respond to host environmental cues related to stress, ischemia, immune activation and nutrient depletion. With this core model of environmental regulation of virulence expression, we are pursuing applications in intestinal transplantation, anastomotic and radiation physiology, necrotizing enterocolitis and ischemia/reperfusion injury. We are also investigating similar sense and response mechanisms in other clinically important organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Finally, we are interested in developing virulence-based therapies to prevent virulence activation through modifications in microenvironment of the stressed host such as phosphate repletion and polymer-mediated mucosal replacement therapies.

    The ultimate goal of understanding microbial virulence is to provide clinical tools to improve the care of patients. However the complexity of the host-pathogen interaction and the vast amounts of mechanistic information available constitutes a formidable barrier to translational research. Computational agent based modeling is a well suited to dynamically represent mechanistic detail in a modifiable context to recapitulate cellular behavior at the tissue, organ and patient levels.


    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, ILResidency in Surgery1985
    University of California, San FranciscoTrauma & Burn Fellowship1983
    Loyola University, Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL(5th Pathway)1980
    Autonomous University , GuadalajaraMD1979
    Marquette University, WisconsinBA1975

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Guyton K, Belogortseva N, Levine Z, Kaiser BD, Sangwan N, Hyman N, Shogan BD, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Patient Acceptance of Routine Serial Postoperative Endoscopy Following Low Anterior Resection (LAR) and Its Ability to Detect Biomarkers in Anastomotic Lavage Fluid. World J Surg. 2021 Mar 19. PMID: 33742231.
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    2. Alverdy JC. Bowel preparation in colorectal surgery: the day of reckoning is here. Br J Surg. 2021 Feb 09. PMID: 33793758.
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    3. Alverdy JC. Peer Review and the Quest for Technical Excellence in Surgery-A Lesson in Self-awareness. JAMA Surg. 2021 Feb 01; 156(2):e205557. PMID: 33326011.
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    4. Alverdy JC. The Benefits of Robotic Surgery: Are They Technical or Molecular? J Gastrointest Surg. 2021 02; 25(2):578-580. PMID: 33409821.
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    5. Miller WD, Keskey R, Alverdy JC. Sepsis and the Microbiome: A Vicious Cycle. J Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 17. PMID: 33330900.
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    6. Keskey R, Papazian E, Lam A, Toni T, Hyoju S, Thewissen R, Zaborin A, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Defining Microbiome Readiness for Surgery: Dietary Prehabilitation and Stool Biomarkers as Predictive Tools to Improve Outcome. Ann Surg. 2020 Nov 04. PMID: 33156068.
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    7. Madariaga MLL, Guthmiller JJ, Schrantz S, Jansen MO, Christensen C, Kumar M, Prochaska M, Wool G, Durkin-Celauro A, Oh WH, Trockman L, Vigneswaran J, Keskey R, Shaw DG, Dugan H, Zheng NY, Cobb M, Utset H, Wang J, Stovicek O, Bethel C, Matushek S, Giurcanu M, Beavis KG, di Sabato D, Meltzer D, Ferguson MK, Kress JP, Shanmugarajah K, Matthews JB, Fung JF, Wilson PC, Alverdy JC, Donington JS. Clinical predictors of donor antibody titre and correlation with recipient antibody response in a COVID-19 convalescent plasma clinical trial. J Intern Med. 2021 04; 289(4):559-573. PMID: 33034095.
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    8. van den Berg FF, van Dalen D, Hyoju SK, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, Wiersinga WJ, Zaborina O, Boermeester MA, Alverdy J. Western-type diet influences mortality from necrotising pancreatitis and demonstrates a central role for butyrate. Gut. 2021 May; 70(5):915-927. PMID: 32873697.
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    9. Alverdy JC, Keskey R, Thewissen R. Can the Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model Be Repurposed To Better Inform Therapy in Human Sepsis? Infect Immun. 2020 08 19; 88(9). PMID: 32571986.
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    10. Alverdy JC, Gilbert JA, Hyman N. Surgical site infections following elective surgery - Authors' reply. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 08; 20(8):899. PMID: 32738234.
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    11. Keskey R, Cone JT, DeFazio JR, Alverdy JC. The use of fecal microbiota transplant in sepsis. Transl Res. 2020 12; 226:12-25. PMID: 32649987.
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    12. Lam A, Fleischer B, Alverdy J. The Biology of Anastomotic Healing-the Unknown Overwhelms the Known. J Gastrointest Surg. 2020 09; 24(9):2160-2166. PMID: 32524361.
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    13. Zaborin A, Penalver Bernabe B, Keskey R, Sangwan N, Hyoju S, Gottel N, Gilbert JA, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Spatial Compartmentalization of the Microbiome between the Lumen and Crypts Is Lost in the Murine Cecum following the Process of Surgery, Including Overnight Fasting and Exposure to Antibiotics. mSystems. 2020 Jun 09; 5(3). PMID: 32518197.
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    14. Kim SM, DeFazio JR, Hyoju SK, Sangani K, Keskey R, Krezalek MA, Khodarev NN, Sangwan N, Christley S, Harris KG, Malik A, Zaborin A, Bouziat R, Ranoa DR, Wiegerinck M, Ernest JD, Shakhsheer BA, Fleming ID, Weichselbaum RR, Antonopoulos DA, Gilbert JA, Barreiro LB, Zaborina O, Jabri B, Alverdy JC. Fecal microbiota transplant rescues mice from human pathogen mediated sepsis by restoring systemic immunity. Nat Commun. 2020 05 11; 11(1):2354. PMID: 32393794.
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    15. Christley S, Shogan B, Levine Z, Koo H, Guyton K, Owens S, Gilbert J, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Comparative genetics of Enterococcus faecalis intestinal tissue isolates before and after surgery in a rat model of colon anastomosis. PLoS One. 2020; 15(4):e0232165. PMID: 32343730.
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    16. van Praagh JB, Luo JN, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Involvement of the Commensal Organism Bacillus subtilis in the Pathogenesis of Anastomotic Leak. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2020 Dec; 21(10):865-870. PMID: 32310731.
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    17. Pimentel MB, Borges FTP, Teymour F, Zaborina OY, Alverdy JC, Fang K, Hong SH, Staneviciute A, He YJ, Papavasiliou G. An in vitro tissue model for screening sustained release of phosphate-based therapeutic attenuation of pathogen-induced proteolytic matrix degradation. J Mater Chem B. 2020 03 25; 8(12):2454-2465. PMID: 32108210.
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    18. Talavera-Urquijo E, Beisani M, Balibrea JM, Alverdy JC. Is bariatric surgery resolving NAFLD via microbiota-mediated bile acid ratio reversal? A comprehensive review. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2020 Sep; 16(9):1361-1369. PMID: 32336663.
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    19. Alverdy JC, Hyman N, Gilbert J. Re-examining causes of surgical site infections following elective surgery in the era of asepsis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 03; 20(3):e38-e43. PMID: 32006469.
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    20. Gaines S, Hyoju S, Williamson AJ, van Praagh JB, Zaborina O, Rubin DT, Alverdy JC, Shogan BD, Hyman N. Infliximab Does Not Promote the Presence of Collagenolytic Bacteria in a Mouse Model of Colorectal Anastomosis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2020 11; 24(11):2637-2642. PMID: 31898107.
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    21. Hyoju SK, Adriaansens C, Wienholts K, Sharma A, Keskey R, Arnold W, van Dalen D, Gottel N, Hyman N, Zaborin A, Gilbert J, van Goor H, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Low-fat/high-fibre diet prehabilitation improves anastomotic healing via the microbiome: an experimental model. Br J Surg. 2020 05; 107(6):743-755. PMID: 31879948.
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    22. Alverdy JC, Hyman N. Bowel preparation under siege. Br J Surg. 2020 02; 107(3):167-170. PMID: 31872429.
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    23. Jacobson RA, Williamson AJ, Wienholts K, Gaines S, Hyoju S, van Goor H, Zaborin A, Shogan BD, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Prevention of Anastomotic Leak Via Local Application of Tranexamic Acid to Target Bacterial-mediated Plasminogen Activation: A Practical Solution to a Complex Problem. Ann Surg. 2019 Dec 05. PMID: 31851007.
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    24. Alverdy JC, Shogan BD. Preparing the bowel for surgery: rethinking the strategy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 12; 16(12):708-709. PMID: 31548712.
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    25. Gaines S, van Praagh JB, Williamson AJ, Jacobson RA, Hyoju S, Zaborin A, Mao J, Koo HY, Alpert L, Bissonnette M, Weichselbaum R, Gilbert J, Chang E, Hyman N, Zaborina O, Shogan BD, Alverdy JC. Western Diet Promotes Intestinal Colonization by Collagenolytic Microbes and Promotes Tumor Formation After Colorectal Surgery. Gastroenterology. 2020 03; 158(4):958-970.e2. PMID: 31655031.
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    26. Jacobson RA, Wienholts K, Williamson AJ, Gaines S, Hyoju S, van Goor H, Zaborin A, Shogan BD, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Enterococcus faecalis exploits the human fibrinolytic system to drive excess collagenolysis: implications in gut healing and identification of druggable targets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2020 01 01; 318(1):G1-G9. PMID: 31604031.
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    27. Guyton KL, Levine ZC, Lowry AC, Lambert L, Gribovskaja-Rupp I, Hyman N, Zaborina O, Alverdy J. Identification of Collagenolytic Bacteria in Human Samples: Screening Methods and Clinical Implications for Resolving and Preventing Anastomotic Leaks and Wound Complications. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019 08; 62(8):972-979. PMID: 31283593.
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    28. Hyoju SK, Zaborin A, Keskey R, Sharma A, Arnold W, van den Berg F, Kim SM, Gottel N, Bethel C, Charnot-Katsikas A, Jianxin P, Adriaansens C, Papazian E, Gilbert JA, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Mice Fed an Obesogenic Western Diet, Administered Antibiotics, and Subjected to a Sterile Surgical Procedure Develop Lethal Septicemia with Multidrug-Resistant Pathobionts. mBio. 2019 07 30; 10(4). PMID: 31363025.
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    29. Nichols D, Pimentel MB, Borges FTP, Hyoju SK, Teymour F, Hong SH, Zaborina OY, Alverdy JC, Papavasiliou G. Sustained Release of Phosphates From Hydrogel Nanoparticles Suppresses Bacterial Collagenase and Biofilm Formation in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019; 7:153. PMID: 31297368.
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    30. Scott AJ, Alexander JL, Merrifield CA, Cunningham D, Jobin C, Brown R, Alverdy J, O'Keefe SJ, Gaskins HR, Teare J, Yu J, Hughes DJ, Verstraelen H, Burton J, O'Toole PW, Rosenberg DW, Marchesi JR, Kinross JM. International Cancer Microbiome Consortium consensus statement on the role of the human microbiome in carcinogenesis. Gut. 2019 09; 68(9):1624-1632. PMID: 31092590.
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    31. Alverdy JC. Surgeon as Basic Bench Scientist: A Play in Three Acts. J Surg Res. 2019 09; 241:336-342. PMID: 31071482.
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    32. Alverdy JC. The wound environment, microbial virulence and postoperative infection: Practical lessons for the surgeon. Cir Esp. 2018 Dec; 96(10):612-619. PMID: 30502224.
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    33. Hyoju SK, Klabbers RE, Aaron M, Krezalek MA, Zaborin A, Wiegerinck M, Hyman NH, Zaborina O, Van Goor H, Alverdy JC. Oral Polyphosphate Suppresses Bacterial Collagenase Production and Prevents Anastomotic Leak Due to Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Surg. 2018 06; 267(6):1112-1118. PMID: 28166091.
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    34. Wiegerinck M, Hyoju SK, Mao J, Zaborin A, Adriaansens C, Salzman E, Hyman NH, Zaborina O, van Goor H, Alverdy JC. Novel de novo synthesized phosphate carrier compound ABA-PEG20k-Pi20 suppresses collagenase production in Enterococcus faecalis and prevents colonic anastomotic leak in an experimental model. Br J Surg. 2018 09; 105(10):1368-1376. PMID: 29658991.
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    35. Krezalek MA, Hyoju S, Zaborin A, Okafor E, Chandrasekar L, Bindokas V, Guyton K, Montgomery CP, Daum RS, Zaborina O, Boyle-Vavra S, Alverdy JC. Can Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Silently Travel From the Gut to the Wound and Cause Postoperative Infection? Modeling the "Trojan Horse Hypothesis". Ann Surg. 2018 04; 267(4):749-758. PMID: 28187042.
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    36. Alverdy JC. Microbiome Medicine: This Changes Everything. J Am Coll Surg. 2018 05; 226(5):719-729. PMID: 29505823.
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    37. Alverdy JC. Hypermetabolism and Nutritional Support in Sepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2018 Feb/Mar; 19(2):163-167. PMID: 29394142.
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    38. Gaines S, Shao C, Hyman N, Alverdy JC. Gut microbiome influences on anastomotic leak and recurrence rates following colorectal cancer surgery. Br J Surg. 2018 01; 105(2):e131-e141. PMID: 29341151.
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    39. Belogortseva N, Krezalek M, Guyton K, Labno C, Poroyko V, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Media from macrophages co-incubated with Enterococcus faecalis induces epithelial cell monolayer reassembly and altered cell morphology. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8):e0182825. PMID: 28793333.
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    40. Mao J, Zaborin A, Poroyko V, Goldfeld D, Lynd NA, Chen W, Tirrell MV, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. De Novo Synthesis of Phosphorylated Triblock Copolymers with Pathogen Virulence-Suppressing Properties That Prevent Infection-Related Mortality. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2017 Sep 11; 3(9):2076-2085. PMID: 29372179.
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    41. Gaines S, Alverdy JC. Fecal Micobiota Transplantation to Treat Sepsis of Unclear Etiology. Crit Care Med. 2017 06; 45(6):1106-1107. PMID: 28509739.
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    42. Lax S, Sangwan N, Smith D, Larsen P, Handley KM, Richardson M, Guyton K, Krezalek M, Shogan BD, Defazio J, Flemming I, Shakhsheer B, Weber S, Landon E, Garcia-Houchins S, Siegel J, Alverdy J, Knight R, Stephens B, Gilbert JA. Bacterial colonization and succession in a newly opened hospital. Sci Transl Med. 2017 05 24; 9(391). PMID: 28539477.
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    43. Alverdy JC, Hyman N, Gilbert J, Luo JN, Krezalek M. Preparing the Bowel for Surgery: Learning from the Past and Planning for the Future. J Am Coll Surg. 2017 08; 225(2):324-332. PMID: 28529136.
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    44. Alverdy JC, Prachand V. Smoking and Postoperative Surgical Site Infection: Where There's Smoke, There's Fire. JAMA Surg. 2017 05 01; 152(5):484. PMID: 28199452.
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    45. Gaines S, Luo JN, Gilbert J, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Optimum Operating Room Environment for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2017 May/Jun; 18(4):503-507. PMID: 28402706.
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    46. Alverdy JC, Luo JN. The Influence of Host Stress on the Mechanism of Infection: Lost Microbiomes, Emergent Pathobiomes, and the Role of Interkingdom Signaling. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8:322. PMID: 28303126.
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    47. Krezalek MA, Yeh A, Alverdy JC, Morowitz M. Influence of nutrition therapy on the intestinal microbiome. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017 03; 20(2):131-137. PMID: 27997410.
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    48. Fleming ID, Krezalek MA, Belogortseva N, Zaborin A, Defazio J, Chandrasekar L, Actis LA, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Modeling Acinetobacter baumannii wound infections: The critical role of iron. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 03; 82(3):557-565. PMID: 28030490.
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    49. Collier ZJ, Gottlieb LJ, Alverdy JC. Stochasticity among Antibiotic-Resistance Profiles of Common Burn-Related Pathogens over a Six-Year Period. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2017 Apr; 18(3):327-335. PMID: 28394746.
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    50. Alverdy JC, Krezalek MA. Collapse of the Microbiome, Emergence of the Pathobiome, and the Immunopathology of Sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2017 Feb; 45(2):337-347. PMID: 28098630.
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    51. Alverdy JC, Hyoju SK, Weigerinck M, Gilbert JA. The gut microbiome and the mechanism of surgical infection. Br J Surg. 2017 Jan; 104(2):e14-e23. PMID: 28121030.
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    52. Shakhsheer BA, Lec B, Zaborin A, Guyton K, Defnet AM, Bagrodia N, Kandel JJ, Zaborina O, Hernandez SL, Alverdy J. Lack of evidence for tissue hypoxia as a contributing factor in anastomotic leak following colon anastomosis and segmental devascularization in rats. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017 Apr; 32(4):539-547. PMID: 27999936.
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    53. Zaborin A, Krezalek M, Hyoju S, Defazio JR, Setia N, Belogortseva N, Bindokas VP, Guo Q, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Critical role of microbiota within cecal crypts on the regenerative capacity of the intestinal epithelium following surgical stress. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2017 Feb 01; 312(2):G112-G122. PMID: 27979825.
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    54. Yin Y, Papavasiliou G, Zaborina OY, Alverdy JC, Teymour F. De Novo Synthesis and Functional Analysis of Polyphosphate-Loaded Poly(Ethylene) Glycol Hydrogel Nanoparticles Targeting Pyocyanin and Pyoverdin Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a Model Intestinal Pathogen. Ann Biomed Eng. 2017 04; 45(4):1058-1068. PMID: 27761766.
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    55. Guyton K, Alverdy JC. The gut microbiota and gastrointestinal surgery. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Jan; 14(1):43-54. PMID: 27729657.
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    56. Krezalek MA, Alverdy JC. The role of the microbiota in surgical recovery. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016 Sep; 19(5):347-352. PMID: 27341127.
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    57. Shakhsheer BA, Versten LA, Luo JN, Defazio JR, Klabbers R, Christley S, Zaborin A, Guyton KL, Krezalek M, Smith DP, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF, Fleming ID, Belogortseva N, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Morphine Promotes Colonization of Anastomotic Tissues with Collagenase - Producing Enterococcus faecalis and Causes Leak. J Gastrointest Surg. 2016 10; 20(10):1744-51. PMID: 27530446.
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    58. Guyton KL, Hyman NH, Alverdy JC. Prevention of Perioperative Anastomotic Healing Complications: Anastomotic Stricture and Anastomotic Leak. Adv Surg. 2016 09; 50(1):129-41. PMID: 27520868.
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    59. Miller B, Popejoy MW, Hershberger E, Steenbergen JN, Alverdy J. Characteristics and Outcomes of Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections Involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 07; 60(7):4387-90. PMID: 27139477.
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    60. Alverdy JC. A Video Is Worth a Thousand Words. JAMA Surg. 2016 06 15; 151(6):e160476. PMID: 27074107.
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    61. Krezalek MA, Skowron KB, Guyton KL, Shakhsheer B, Hyoju S, Alverdy JC. The intestinal microbiome and surgical disease. Curr Probl Surg. 2016 Jun; 53(6):257-93. PMID: 27497246.
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    62. Krezalek MA, DeFazio J, Zaborina O, Zaborin A, Alverdy JC. The Shift of an Intestinal "Microbiome" to a "Pathobiome" Governs the Course and Outcome of Sepsis Following Surgical Injury. Shock. 2016 May; 45(5):475-82. PMID: 26863118.
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    63. Ward MA, Pierre JF, Leal RF, Huang Y, Shogan B, Dalal SR, Weber CR, Leone VA, Musch MW, An GC, Rao MC, Rubin DT, Raffals LE, Antonopoulos DA, Sogin ML, Hyman NH, Alverdy JC, Chang EB. Insights into the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis from a murine model of stasis-induced dysbiosis, colonic metaplasia, and genetic susceptibility. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016 06 01; 310(11):G973-88. PMID: 27079612.
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    64. Reider B. Do We Care? Should We? Am J Sports Med. 2016 Apr; 44(4):835-7. PMID: 18656625.
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    65. Cortese R, Zhang C, Bao R, Andrade J, Khalyfa A, Mokhlesi B, Gozal D. DNA Methylation Profiling of Blood Monocytes in Patients With Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome: Effect of Positive Airway Pressure Treatment. Chest. 2016 07; 150(1):91-101. PMID: 30359172.
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    66. Kanteti R, Dhanasingh I, El-Hashani E, Riehm JJ, Stricker T, Nagy S, Zaborin A, Zaborina O, Biron D, Alverdy JC, Im HK, Siddiqui S, Padilla PA, Salgia R. C. elegans and mutants with chronic nicotine exposure as a novel model of cancer phenotype. . 2016; 17(1):91-103. PMID: 26574927.
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    67. Gilbert JA, Alverdy J. Stool consistency as a major confounding factor affecting microbiota composition: an ignored variable? Gut. 2016 Jan; 65(1):1-2. PMID: 26187505.
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    68. Shogan BD, Belogortseva N, Luong PM, Zaborin A, Lax S, Bethel C, Ward M, Muldoon JP, Singer M, An G, Umanskiy K, Konda V, Shakhsheer B, Luo J, Klabbers R, Hancock LE, Gilbert J, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Collagen degradation and MMP9 activation by Enterococcus faecalis contribute to intestinal anastomotic leak. Sci Transl Med. 2015 May 06; 7(286):286ra68. PMID: 25947163.
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    69. Kim M, Christley S, Khodarev NN, Fleming I, Huang Y, Chang E, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection involves activation of its iron acquisition system in response to fascial contact. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015 Apr; 78(4):823-9. PMID: 25807409.
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    70. Defazio J, Fleming ID, Shakhsheer B, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. The opposing forces of the intestinal microbiome and the emerging pathobiome. Surg Clin North Am. 2014 Dec; 94(6):1151-61. PMID: 25440116.
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    71. Zaborin A, Smith D, Garfield K, Quensen J, Shakhsheer B, Kade M, Tirrell M, Tiedje J, Gilbert JA, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Membership and behavior of ultra-low-diversity pathogen communities present in the gut of humans during prolonged critical illness. mBio. 2014 Sep 23; 5(5):e01361-14. PMID: 25249279.
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    72. Shogan BD, Smith DP, Christley S, Gilbert JA, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Intestinal anastomotic injury alters spatially defined microbiome composition and function. Microbiome. 2014; 2:35. PMID: 25250176.
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    73. Shogan BD, An GC, Schardey HM, Matthews JB, Umanskiy K, Fleshman JW, Hoeppner J, Fry DE, Garcia-Granereo E, Jeekel H, van Goor H, Dellinger EP, Konda V, Gilbert JA, Auner GW, Alverdy JC. Proceedings of the first international summit on intestinal anastomotic leak, Chicago, Illinois, October 4-5, 2012. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014 Oct; 15(5):479-89. PMID: 25215465.
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    74. Alverdy JC. Valuable heartburn data that may be difficult to swallow. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2015 Jan-Feb; 11(1):229. PMID: 25264324.
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    75. Shah M, Zaborin A, Alverdy JC, Scott K, Zaborina O. Localization of DING proteins on PstS-containing outer-surface appendages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2014 Mar; 352(1):54-61. PMID: 24372739.
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    76. Zaborina O, Alverdy J, Shah M, Chen Y. Microscopic analysis: morphotypes and cellular appendages. Methods Mol Biol. 2014; 1149:99-107. PMID: 24818901.
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    77. Alverdy J, Gilbert J, DeFazio JR, Sadowsky MJ, Chang EB, Morowitz MJ, Teitelbaum DH. Proceedings of the 2013 A.S.P.E.N. Research workshop: the interface between nutrition and the gut microbiome: implications and applications for human health [corrected]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014 Feb; 38(2):167-78. PMID: 24379111.
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    78. Zaborin A, Defazio JR, Kade M, Kaiser BL, Belogortseva N, Camp DG, Smith RD, Adkins JN, Kim SM, Alverdy A, Goldfeld D, Firestone MA, Collier JH, Jabri B, Tirrell M, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Phosphate-containing polyethylene glycol polymers prevent lethal sepsis by multidrug-resistant pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58(2):966-77. PMID: 24277029.
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    79. Luong PM, Shogan BD, Zaborin A, Belogortseva N, Shrout JD, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Emergence of the P2 phenotype in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strains involves various mutations in mexT or mexF. J Bacteriol. 2014 Jan; 196(2):504-13. PMID: 24244000.
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    80. Shogan BD, Smith DP, Packman AI, Kelley ST, Landon EM, Bhangar S, Vora GJ, Jones RM, Keegan K, Stephens B, Ramos T, Kirkup BC, Levin H, Rosenthal M, Foxman B, Chang EB, Siegel J, Cobey S, An G, Alverdy JC, Olsiewski PJ, Martin MO, Marrs R, Hernandez M, Christley S, Morowitz M, Weber S, Gilbert J. The Hospital Microbiome Project: Meeting report for the 2nd Hospital Microbiome Project, Chicago, USA, January 15(th), 2013. Stand Genomic Sci. 2013 Jul 30; 8(3):571-9. PMID: 24501640.
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    173. Buell JF, Alverdy J, Newell KA, Yoshida A, Limsrichamrern S, Woodle ES, Bruce DS. Hand-assisted laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2001 Jan; 192(1):132-6. PMID: 11192915.
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    174. Factor P, Ridge K, Alverdy J, Sznajder JI. Continuous enteral nutrition attenuates pulmonary edema in rats exposed to 100% oxygen. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Nov; 89(5):1759-65. PMID: 11053323.
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    175. Alverdy J, Holbrook C, Rocha F, Seiden L, Wu RL, Musch M, Chang E, Ohman D, Suh S. Gut-derived sepsis occurs when the right pathogen with the right virulence genes meets the right host: evidence for in vivo virulence expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Surg. 2000 Oct; 232(4):480-9. PMID: 10998646.
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    176. Laughlin RS, Musch MW, Hollbrook CJ, Rocha FM, Chang EB, Alverdy JC. The key role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA-I lectin on experimental gut-derived sepsis. Ann Surg. 2000 Jul; 232(1):133-42. PMID: 10862206.
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    177. Alverdy J, Vargish T, Desai T, Frawley B, Rosen B. Laparoscopic intracavitary debridement of peripancreatic necrosis: preliminary report and description of the technique. Surgery. 2000 Jan; 127(1):112-4. PMID: 10660768.
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    178. Kress JP, Pohlman AS, Alverdy J, Hall JB. The impact of morbid obesity on oxygen cost of breathing (VO(2RESP)) at rest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Sep; 160(3):883-6. PMID: 10471613.
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    179. Alverdy JC, Hendrickson B, Guandalini SS, Laughlin RJ, Kent K, Banerjee R. Perturbed bioelectrical properties of the mouse cecum following hepatectomy and starvation: the role of bacterial adherence. Shock. 1999 Sep; 12(3):235-41; discussion 242. PMID: 10485604.
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    180. Alverdy JC, Rocha F. Surgical stress, bacteria, and mucosal immune function. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Aug; 9(4):210-3. PMID: 10532259.
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    181. Hendrickson BA, Guo J, Laughlin R, Chen Y, Alverdy JC. Increased type 1 fimbrial expression among commensal Escherichia coli isolates in the murine cecum following catabolic stress. Infect Immun. 1999 Feb; 67(2):745-53. PMID: 9916086.
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    182. Alverdy J, Stern E. Effect of immunonutrition on virulence strategies in bacteria. Nutrition. 1998 Jul-Aug; 14(7-8):580-4. PMID: 9684260.
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    183. Alverdy J, Stern E, Poticha S, Baunoch D, Adrian T. Cholecystokinin modulates mucosal immunoglobulin A function. Surgery. 1997 Aug; 122(2):386-92; discussion 392-3. PMID: 9288145.
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    184. Alverdy J, Piano G. Whole gut washout for severe sepsis: review of technique and preliminary results. Surgery. 1997 Jan; 121(1):89-94. PMID: 9001556.
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    185. Bergmann BM, Gilliland MA, Feng PF, Russell DR, Shaw P, Wright M, Rechtschaffen A, Alverdy JC. Are physiological effects of sleep deprivation in the rat mediated by bacterial invasion? Sleep. 1996 Sep; 19(7):554-62. PMID: 8899934.
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    186. Spitz JC, Ghandi S, Taveras M, Aoys E, Alverdy JC. Characteristics of the intestinal epithelial barrier during dietary manipulation and glucocorticoid stress. Crit Care Med. 1996 Apr; 24(4):635-41. PMID: 8612416.
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    187. Spitz J, Yuhan R, Koutsouris A, Blatt C, Alverdy J, Hecht G. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli adherence to intestinal epithelial monolayers diminishes barrier function. Am J Physiol. 1995 Feb; 268(2 Pt 1):G374-9. PMID: 7864134.
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    188. Alverdy J. The effect of nutrition on gastrointestinal barrier function. Semin Respir Infect. 1994 Dec; 9(4):248-55. PMID: 7886322.
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    189. Alverdy JC, Spitz J, Hecht G, Ghandi S. Causes and consequences of bacterial adherence to mucosal epithelia during critical illness. New Horiz. 1994 May; 2(2):264-72. PMID: 7922452.
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    190. Spitz J, Hecht G, Taveras M, Aoys E, Alverdy J. The effect of dexamethasone administration on rat intestinal permeability: the role of bacterial adherence. Gastroenterology. 1994 Jan; 106(1):35-41. PMID: 8276206.
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    191. Alverdy JC, Aoys E. The effect of dexamethasone and endotoxin administration on biliary IgA and bacterial adherence. J Surg Res. 1992 Nov; 53(5):450-4. PMID: 1434594.
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    192. Alverdy JC, Burke D. Total parenteral nutrition: iatrogenic immunosuppression. Nutrition. 1992 Sep-Oct; 8(5):359-65. PMID: 1421782.
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    193. Alverdy J. The importance of the mucosal immune system. Nutr Clin Pract. 1992 Jun; 7(3):99. PMID: 1289689.
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    194. Alverdy J, Aoys E. The effect of glucocorticoid administration on bacterial translocation. Evidence for an acquired mucosal immunodeficient state. Ann Surg. 1991 Dec; 214(6):719-23. PMID: 1741652.
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    195. Levine EA, Alverdy JC, Agrawal A. Hepatitis prevalence in trauma patients. Am Surg. 1991 Jun; 57(6):385-7. PMID: 2048852.
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    196. Levine EA, Alverdy JC. Carotid-esophageal fistula following a penetrating neck injury: case report. J Trauma. 1990 Dec; 30(12):1588-90. PMID: 2258978.
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    197. Thyssen EP, Hou SH, Alverdy JC, Spiegel DM. Temporary loss of limb function secondary to soft tissue calcification in a patient with rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990 Nov; 16(5):491-4. PMID: 2239944.
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    198. Alverdy JC. Effects of glutamine-supplemented diets on immunology of the gut. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990 Jul-Aug; 14(4 Suppl):109S-113S. PMID: 2119455.
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    199. Alverdy JC, Aoys E, Moss GS. Effect of commercially available chemically defined liquid diets on the intestinal microflora and bacterial translocation from the gut. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990 Jan-Feb; 14(1):1-6. PMID: 2325237.
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    200. Burke DJ, Alverdy JC, Aoys E, Moss GS. Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition improves gut immune function. Arch Surg. 1989 Dec; 124(12):1396-9. PMID: 2511819.
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    201. Alverdy JC, Aoys E, Moss GS. Total parenteral nutrition promotes bacterial translocation from the gut. Surgery. 1988 Aug; 104(2):185-90. PMID: 3135625.
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    202. Alverdy JC, Saunders J, Chamberlin WH, Moss GS. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in intra-abdominal sepsis. Am Surg. 1988 Jul; 54(7):456-9. PMID: 3389596.
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    203. Levine EA, Alverdy JC, Goldberg MC, Moss GS. Does a localized intra-abdominal abscess produce a positive peritoneal lavage? Curr Surg. 1988 Jul-Aug; 45(4):302-3. PMID: 3246157.
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    204. Lim GM, Sheldon GF, Alverdy J. Biliary secretory IgA levels in rats with protein-calorie malnutrition. Ann Surg. 1988 May; 207(5):635-40. PMID: 3132112.
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    205. Alverdy J, Chi HS, Sheldon GF. The effect of parenteral nutrition on gastrointestinal immunity. The importance of enteral stimulation. Ann Surg. 1985 Dec; 202(6):681-4. PMID: 3935061.
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    206. Alverdy JC, Chi HS, Selivanov V, Morris J, Sheldon GF. The effect of route of nutrient administration on the secretory immune system. Curr Surg. 1985 Jan-Feb; 42(1):10-3. PMID: 3918836.
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    207. Selivanov V, Chi HS, Alverdy JC, Morris JA, Sheldon GF. Mortality in retroperitoneal hematoma. J Trauma. 1984 Dec; 24(12):1022-7. PMID: 6512896.
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